A 72-year-old female has been told by her nurse practitioner…

A 72-year-old female has been told by her nurse practitioner she has a new heart murmur that requires her to go for evaluation by a cardiologist.  After an echocardiogram was completed the cardiologist informs the patient that she has aortic stenosis. The client asks the cardiologist “What does aortic stenosis mean?” Based on your knowledge you would expect the cardiologist to respond with which of the following answers: