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The typical frequency of a genotype for an STR in the population is less than 10 percent.

What is the genotype of a Hemophilia B carrier?

Alexandra and Nicholas Romanov had four daughters and one son. Alexandra was a carrier for: 

Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin, warned about the development of antibiotic resistance due to:

In 1991, a burial site was discovered that contained the remains of the Romanov family (Alexandra, Nicholas, and three of the daughters), the family Doctor, and a servant. The remains of the Alexei and the fourth daughter were found in a separate grave in 2007. What did the investigators use to identify the remains? Mark all that apply.

On the pedigree below, what does a line between male and female represent?

Currently the FBI tests __________ different STRs, with repeats of 4 to 5 nucleotides, plus a sex marker.

This is a pedigree of a family with Hemophilia B. What is the genotype of Individual 8?

In the pedigree below, how many children have individuals 1 & 2 had together?

Carriers of Hemophilia B have long blood clotting times than homozygous dominant individuals.