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A new antihistamine, metalazine, is compared to placebo for mild-to-moderate seasonal allergies. An allergy symptom visual analog scale of 0, meaning no symptoms, to 10, meaning the worst symptoms imaginable is used as the primary outcome. Metalazine was found to decrease the allergy symptoms visual analog scale by 3.2 points (95%CI -0.4 to 7.8). Which of the following statements best describes the potential type of statistical error present in this study?

What is the absolute risk reduction for clinical remission in the azithromycin group compared to placebo?

A study compares is determining the impact of daily consumption of green tea on systolic blood pressure. Among patients who began drinking green tea daily (n=23) the systolic blood pressure decreased by a mean of 5 mmHg and among patients with no dietary change (n=32) the systolic blood pressure decreased by a mean of 1 mmHg. Which of the following tests would be most appropriate to determine if the results are statistically significantly different?

A RCT found that a new drug for hypertension, incredapril, decreased the rate of cough compared to lisinopril (RR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.97). What is the correct interpretation of how much incredapril decreased the rate of cough compared to lisinopril?

A RCT compared a new biologic agent for asthma, depemokimab, to placebo. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the Kaplan-Meier plot exacerbation results?

Which of the following statements about Python’s random module is true?

What statistical test should be used for a pair-wise comparison when a chi-squared test used as the omnibus between 3 groups is found to be statistically significant?

What will be the output of the following Python code? def greet(name=”Guest”):    print(f”Hello, {name}!”)greet(“Alice”)greet()

Melatonin is compared to placebo for sleep in a single-group randomized cross-over study (n=328). Participants are randomized to receive melatonin or placebo for 3 months and then take the other agent for 3 months following a 1-week washout period. Which of the following tests would be most appropriate to determine if this is a statistically significant difference in mean sleep latency (i.e., mean minutes to fall asleep)?

Which of the following is TRUE regarding variables in linear/logistic regression models?