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Possible adverse effects of electrical stimulation for tissue healing include all of the following EXCEPT:

What type of ulcer has been found to respond best to treatment with electrical stimulation?

Which configuration of electrodes is most appropriate for wound healing?

This is the use of e-stim to control pain and includes conventional, low-rate, and burst modes. 

Low-rate TENS should be applied for 1-2 hours for it to be effective.

You have decided to treat your patient with acute neck pain with electrical stimulation to decrease her pain.  Which of the following would be appropriate parameters at which to set the unit?

How many electrodes are indicated for the use of interferential current?

What is the rationale for using modulations?

This form of electrical stimulation used to control pain is most effective for increasing endorphin and enkephalin levels.

You are assessing the patient’s pharynx and post-pharyngeal structures by asking them to stick out their tongue and say “Ahhh” as you look into their oral cavity. Which of the following is an abnormal assessment finding that warrants immediate follow up?