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Which of the following correctly describes the mechanisms of action for Nutlin-2 and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)?

For Paragonimus kellicotti, select the statement that is TRUE

How do gene expression arrays help to stratify tumors, and what are the advantages of stratification?

The adults of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus are found in what tissue in the cat definitive host?

Fenbendazole has a broad spectrum of activity.  Besides treating roundworms and hookworms in small animals, it also has activity against both Taenia spp and Dipylidium caninum.

A client brings in their dog, who is suffering  from a chronic cough that is hard and dry.  Sometimes the dog also retches, particularly after exercising.   A bronchoscopy is done and nodules in the trachea are noted, similar to the ones shown below. What nematode is responsible for this pathology?

Heterobilharzia americana, which has dogs as a definitive host, can infect humans and cause swimmer’s itch / swamp itch.

The adult worms of Paragonimus kellicotti and Fasciola hepatica infect the liver of the definitive host.

Why is colonization considered the most difficult step in the metastasis-invasion cascade?

All of the following are stages of trematodes (i.e., flukes), EXCEPT for: