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During a patient interview, which communication technique involves asking the patient to explain or elaborate on their statement to ensure you accurately understand their meaning?

(9 of 13)En RouteEMS is dispatched at 0815 to a home for a 3-year-old child with altered mental status. Call was made by the patient’s parent, who reports that the child had a high fever overnight and vomited several times. Outside temp is 32° F, skies are cloudy, roads are dry, and traffic is light. Ambulance is staffed with 2 paramedics; and a fire engine with EMTs is also responding.SceneYou arrive on location, PPE is donned and patient care equipment is being brought in by the fire engine personnel. Upon patient access, you find secretions obstructing the airway. After suctioning, patient has RR 10, shallow, SpO₂ 70%, EtCO₂ 68, absent gag reflex.BVM ventilations are in progress.The pt. is unresponsive with a blood sugar is 80. Pupils are midrange & reactive.While preparing for extraglottic airway insertion, you determine the need for pre-sedation. Which option is most appropriate for this patient?

A patient is hyperventilating (kussmaul breathing) stemming from DKA. The pt’s primary A/B imbalance is:

(5 of 13)En Route  You are dispatched at 17:40 for a 12-year-old male injured on a farm involving a motorized utility vehicle (UTV-like equipment). Caller reports the patient is “stuck underneath it and unable to get out.” Response time: 12 minutesEnvironment: Early evening, temperature 34°F (1°C), light wind (10–15 mph) → wind chill near freezingLighting: Dusk transitioning to dark; rural roads poorly litRoad conditions: Dry pavement, minimal trafficAccess: Paved county road leading to a gravel driveway, opening into a muddy trail/fieldResources:ALS ambulance (2 paramedics)BLS fire engine en route for manpower and extrication supportTransport options via ground:Community hospital: 12 minutesLevel I trauma center: 25 minutesDispatch update (5 minutes out):Patient has been pinned for “at least 20 minutes.” Family attempted to lift the vehicle but were unsuccessful. Patient is awake but crying and “getting quieter.”What is the greatest concern in this situation?

(2 of 13)En Route  You are dispatched at 17:40 for a 12-year-old male injured on a farm involving a motorized utility vehicle (UTV-like equipment). Caller reports the patient is “stuck underneath it and unable to get out.” Response time: 12 minutesEnvironment: Early evening, temperature 34°F (1°C), light wind (10–15 mph) → wind chill near freezingLighting: Dusk transitioning to dark; rural roads poorly litRoad conditions: Dry pavement, minimal trafficAccess: Paved county road leading to a gravel driveway, opening into a muddy trail/fieldResources:ALS ambulance (2 paramedics)BLS fire engine en route for manpower and extrication supportTransport options via ground:Community hospital: 12 minutesLevel I trauma center: 25 minutesWhat strategy is best when walking through the muddy trail/field?

(1 of 3)En RouteEMS is dispatched at 2100 to a dimly lit alley for a “confused adult male, displaying erratic behavior.” Dispatch advises that the area has a history of frequent substance use and high crime. Law enforcement is also responding and you are accompanied with a BLS engine. Weather is 74°F with a slight drizzle, and traffic is minimal. During the response, dispatch updates that the patient has been seen stumbling, talking rapidly, and yelling incoherently. Which details are most concerning factors for assessing crew safety? Select 3 options

Determine which symptoms below are most likely associated with pit viper envenomation and which ones are not likely. Choose 2: most likelyChoose 2: not likely

Select 2 optionsCushing’s syndrome is caused by: Select 1: A or BCushing’s syndrome results in: Select 1: C, D or E

During cardiac arrest resuscitation, the monitor shows an organized rhythm at a rate of 80 bpm. The patient is unresponsive, apneic, and no pulse is palpated. Which of these findings is most critical in determining the paramedics next action?

Which of these causes an increased HR and/or vasoconstriction?Select 2 options