FILL-IN: Once in the blood, most carbon dioxide diffuses int…

FILL-IN: Once in the blood, most carbon dioxide diffuses into erythrocytes and reacts with water, in the chemical reaction CO2 + H20 -> H2CO3 -> H+ + HCO3- (bicarbonate ions).  Briefly explain why converting the CO2 to a different form (HCO3-) promotes efficient diffusion of carbon dioxide from the tissues into the blood flowing through a capillary bed.

ESSAY: Secondary antibody response When you get vaccinated a…

ESSAY: Secondary antibody response When you get vaccinated against a disease such as covid-19, the vaccination prompts your immune system to mount a primary antibody response, and also creates memory B cells for a secondary response in case you are re-exposed to the same antigen again in the future. a. Discuss the characteristics of the secondary antibody response by memory B cells (hint: consider and compare the graphs we studied illustrating the primary vs secondary response characteristics).  Be specific and detailed. b. Discuss why this secondary response prevents you from becoming ill (or at least not severely ill) when, someday in the future, you are re-exposed to the same covid-19 variant that you were vaccinated against.