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Product line pricing is the practice of marketing merchandise at variable prices negotiated between buyer and seller.

A skimming pricing strategy is commonly used as a market entry price for distinctive goods and services with high initial competition.

According to retailers, the purpose of slotting allowances is to cover their losses if products don’t sell.

The amount by which the average transportation charge exceeds the actual cost of shipping to a particular destination under postage stamp pricing is called phantom freight.

Penetration pricing is often used in a market in which a new product is likely to face strong competition when introduced.

A product that has attained a monopoly position with its consumers is in the brand preference stage of brand loyalty.

Public relations efforts such as publicity frequently offer lesser credibility than other promotional techniques.

A sponsor purchases access to the sponsored activity’s audience and the image associated with the activity.

Mass consumption and geographically dispersed markets make advertising particularly appropriate for marketing goods and services aimed at large audiences likely to respond to the same promotional messages.

Manufacturers’ brands are also called national brands.