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A patient receives an IV fluid that temporarily increases extracellular Na⁺ relative to the inside of some cells. In a short time, Na⁺ begins to enter cells without requiring ATP. Which membrane transport mechanism most likely allows this charged solute to cross the membrane?

A student confuses anatomical position with a relaxed standing posture. Which statement correctly describes anatomical position?

During childbirth, uterine contractions become stronger as labor progresses. Which feature best identifies this as positive feedback rather than negative feedback?

Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell. Which mitotic stage best matches this description?

A red blood cell is placed in a solution that has a lower solute concentration than the cytosol. Which outcome is most likely?

A skeletal muscle fiber must rapidly restore ion gradients after repeated contraction. Which concept best explains why membrane transport is foundational to this process?

In anatomical position, the thumbs point medially toward the body’s midline.

A solute reaches equilibrium across a membrane. Which statement best describes what equilibrium means?

The citric acid cycle occurs primarily in which cellular location in eukaryotic cells?

Which interpretation best matches a homeostatic response?