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For the last two questions of the exam: You will be selectin…

For the last two questions of the exam: You will be selecting sets of questions from the ‘Free Choice’ question sets below. Copy and paste the whole question set into the answer box, then respond to each part of that question set. Each is worth 1/3 of your midterm grade. You will enter your answers into text boxes below.   FREE CHOICE – QUESTION SET ONE During his trial, while defending himself and his way of doing philosophy, Socrates gives the famous gadfly metaphor. In your own words: Describe what actions Socrates was engaged in that got him in trouble with the law in the first place. That is, what crime was he accused of? Briefly describe then decode the gadfly metaphor. Explain what each element of the metaphor is meant to represent. Interpret the metaphor. What does this metaphor reveal about Socrates’ view about the value of philosophy? Justify your answer with reasons. Do you agree with Socrates’ view of the value of philosophy? Why or why not?   FREE CHOICE – QUESTION SET TWO In “The Value of Philosophy” Bertrand Russell argues that those that do not see the value of philosophy, whom he calls ‘the practical people,’ have the “wrong conception about the ends of life” p.89 In your own words: Explain what Russell means by ‘ends of life’ here. Describe the practical person’s view of the ends of life, and Explain why on this view, philosophy would not be valuable. Explain what Russell believes is the flaw with this view of the ends of life. Describe what is, according to Russell, the correct view about the ends of life, and Explain why that view supports the claim that philosophy is valuable. Justify your answer with reasons.   FREE CHOICE – QUESTION SET THREE In “Education and Democratic Citizenship,” Martha Nussbaum argues that public schools should be helping their students become ‘citizens of the world’. In your own words: Describe just one of the three skills or traits that Nussbaum believes are characteristic of a good citizen. Can taking philosophy courses help students cultivate the characteristic you described? Why or why not? Explain one way in which Nussbaum would agree with either Socrates’ or Russell’s view about the value of philosophy. Be sure to justify your answer with reasons. Explain one way in which Nussbaum would disagree with either Socrates’ or Russell’s view about the value of philosophy. Be sure to justify your answer with reasons.   FREE CHOICE – QUESTION SET FOUR As I presented it, René Descartes considers several ‘levels of doubt’ in Meditation One. For instance, he considers the possibility that you might be dreaming. In your own words: Explain the argument. Why should you believe it is possible that you are dreaming right now? If he is right (and you might be dreaming), which beliefs would that possibility cast into doubt? Give two examples. Explain why this skeptical possibility calls those beliefs into doubt. Which (if any) of your beliefs can you still be certain of, even though it is possible that you are dreaming? Give an example if you can.* Explain why this skeptical possibility does not call that belief into doubt. (NOTE: * This question is about what he says in Meditation One… so you should not discuss any of his examples of knowledge from Meditation Two. Just focus on his discussion of dreaming from Meditation One).    FREE CHOICE – QUESTION SET FIVE In Meditation Two, we find perhaps the most famous argument in all of philosophy: Descartes’ Cogito Argument (‘I think therefore I am’). In your own words: Describe the argument. Explain as fully as possible what this argument means, Explain what Descartes believes this argument reveals about the philosophical view named Skepticism. Do you believe Descartes argument was successful? Why or why not?   FREE CHOICE – QUESTION SET SIX The threat of Skepticism looms large to this day, though its shape has changed over the years. Likely as a result of Descartes’ arguments, those who once would have been ‘Global’ Skeptics are now ‘External World Skeptics’. Philosopher G.E. Moore had a clever refutation of their view. In your own words: Explain what ‘Global Skepticism’ and ‘External World Skepticism’ (henceforth EWS) are. Describe G.E. Moore’s ‘proof’ against EWS. Explain why this seemingly silly argument is actually quite clever–explain what is really going on in his argument. Are you convinced by his argument? Why or why not?   FREE CHOICE – QUESTION SET SEVEN One of our most powerful tools for generating knowledge is science. In his article, “The Problem of Induction,” Bertrand Russell argues that there is, well, a problem with induction. That problem casts doubt on all of our scientific knowledge. In your own words: Explain what induction is, Explain Russell’s argument that there is a problem with induction. Explain why if Russell is right and there is a problem with induction, that this would cast doubt onto much of our alleged scientific knowledge. Do you agree with Russell that the Problem of Induction calls that body of knowledge into doubt? Why or why not?

Two music students find their mandatory physics class extrem…

Two music students find their mandatory physics class extremely boring, and they decide to have some fun by using music to measure a car’s speed. One of the students stands on the ground and plays Middle C (262 Hz) on his saxophone. The other student travels in a car with open windows carrying a similar saxophone and playing the same note. When the car approaches the standing student, this standing student hears 6 beats per second. Assuming that the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s,What is the speed of the car? 

Two research technicians are working on a deep-space supply…

Two research technicians are working on a deep-space supply station. To check the speed of incoming cargo pods, they use an acoustic calibration system inside a long pressurized docking tunnel. The speed of sound in the tunnel is the same as the speed of sound in air. One technician remains stationary inside the tunnel and activates a speaker that emits a steady 305 Hz tone. A cargo pod moves toward the docking station through the tunnel while emitting the same 305 Hz tone from an identical speaker mounted on its hull. As the pod approaches, the stationary technician hears a beat frequency of 8 beats per second. Assuming that the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s, what is the speed of the cargo pod?

The nurse is caring for an adolescent with a diagnosis of bu…

The nurse is caring for an adolescent with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. After reviewing the client’s lab, the healthcare provider has written a prescription for 40 meq of potassium chloride IV x 1 dose to be administered today. The nurse places the adolescent patient on a cardiac monitor prior to the infusion. The pharmacy has sent potassium chloride 40 meq IV in 375 mL to be infused over 3 hours. How many mLs per hour (ml/hr) should the nurse infuse the potassium chloride? (Round answer to a whole number).