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What inequities did African American men face when joining the Union Army?

What was one impact of African resistance on the slave trade?

What paradox did nineteenth-century anti-emigrationists highlight regarding American independence?

By 1860, what percentage of the Black population in the United States was free?

Instructions Read and respond to the following excerpt from “West India Emancipation” by Frederick Douglass, 1857. Answer each free response question below. Your answers will be graded with the SAQ rubric.  Source “Let me give you a word of the philosophy of reform. The whole history of the progress of human liberty shows that all concessions yet made to her august claims have been born of earnest struggle. If there is no struggle there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and yet deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground. They want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters.” SAQ Identify and explain the metaphor Douglass uses to describe the necessity of struggle for progress. Analyze how Douglass’ statement reflects the broader context of the fight for emancipation in the West Indies. Discuss the significance of Douglass’ message in the context of the abolitionist movement. Evaluate Douglass’ view on the relationship between struggle and progress in achieving human liberty. Resource Douglass, Frederick. “West India Emancipation.” Speech delivered at Canandaigua, New York, August 3, 1857. Courtesy of River Campus Libraries, University of Rochester.

What was the status of African Americans enslaved by Indigenous nations after the Thirteenth Amendment?

What percentage of enslaved Africans who survived the transatlantic journey came directly from Africa to what later became the United States?

Which phrase does Stewart use to refer to the subjugated state of Black people?

How did enslaved people adapt Christian hymns to create a distinct American musical genre?

What does the triple crucifix, likely created between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, exemplify?