Every time Professor Rathjens succeeds at something on the j…

Every time Professor Rathjens succeeds at something on the job, he comments how diligently he worked to achieve his goal, putting knowledge and effort into his work. Conversely, whenever he falls short of goals at work, he blames his boss, his coworkers, the situation, or some other external factor.  He is engaging in which of these?

Your manager calls you into her office. She asks you your op…

Your manager calls you into her office. She asks you your opinion on a few work issues, discusses a new project that your team is working on, and asks if you want to take the lead on it. She lets you know that there are layoffs coming within your organization, but that they won’t be in your department. There is also some chattering about personal lives, but nothing inappropriate. What behavior is this an example of?