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(01.03 HC) In order to better understand where leatherback sea turtles live, a scientist adheres a tracking device on a leatherback sea turtle’s shell. This provides the scientist with the ability to track the turtle’s movements throughout the day. The scientist finds that the turtle will periodically dive from the surface down to 1,280 meters (approximately 3,900 feet), which is deeper than any other turtle species dives. What ocean zones did the leatherbacks move between and why would a sea turtle migrate in this way? (3 points)

(02.02 LC) Between 3,000 and 6,000 meters below the ocean surface, over 50% of the earth’s surface is covered by what kind of formation? (3 points)

(01.03 MC) In order to simulate abyssopelagic zone conditions in a model aquarium design, what temperature and pressure conditions would be required? (3 points)

(01.03 MC) Which ocean zone has the most abundant primary producers, and why? (3 points)

(02.05 HC) After studying the historical concentrations of carbon in the oceans for several years, scientists noticed the trend in carbon availability shown in the graph. Based upon this information, they predicted that this pattern would continue. © NOAA PMEL Carbon (Program https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/file/Hawaii+Carbon+Dioxide+Time-Series) Based upon the observed data, what is the most valid conclusion that can be made concerning how ocean carbon levels are changing? (3 points)

(01.03 HC) Why would a fish that lives in the bathypelagic zone lack a swim bladder, and what adaptations would help it maintain neutral buoyancy? (3 points)

(02.05 HC) The illustration below represents the global conveyor belt, which is a collection of ocean currents that cycle water around the oceans. © 2016 NASA.gov What does the global conveyor belt reveal about the connectivity of water in the oceans? How could a change in the path of the global conveyor belt impact the biodiversity of ocean ecosystems? (5 points)

(01.01 MC) A Japanese scientist observes that lobster shells are softer when the animals are exposed to low pH in an aquarium. He asks his colleague in the United States to conduct the same experiment using the same aquarium equipment. Should he expect the results to be similar? (3 points)

(01.02 MC) A marine scientist in California wants to study the habitat of Atlantic blue crab, a species of crab found around the Chesapeake Bay. How can he best study the habitat of these organisms? (3 points)

(01.03 LC) What causes waves to occur in the ocean? (3 points)