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Although the Persian Empire was massive and could call upon a massive army made up of thousands and thousands of soldiers and archers from many ethnicities and nations, most of the success the Persians had over the centuries was due to how much of this they had and could use

In order to keep the Vikings from attacking regularly, King Charles the Simple decided to give them , a whole region of northern France to farm and settle and eventually convert to Christianity

While on his way to the battle at Milvian Bridge, Constantine saw a vision of this in the sky and then went on to win the battle and legalize Christianity in the empire after he became emperor

The most famous member of the Barca family was who commanded the Carthaginian army against the Romans during the 2nd Punic War for 20 years

Charles the Bald paid 7,000 French livres in gold and silver to get the Viking army to life their siege of this French city in 845 AD

Marcus Crassus, Pompey Magnus, and Julius Caesar – the richest men in Rome at the time – created this power-sharing scheme to be able to do what they wanted through the system of the Roman Senate

After defeating Pompey and becoming Dictator for life, Julius Caesar was stabbed and killed by who in Rome?

Cellulose undergoes peeling reaction in alkaline conditions whereby a glucose molecule is cleaved off at a time. a. Is glucose cleaved off from the reducing end or nonreducing end of a cellulose chain? b. After peeling reaction, could glucose be isolated from the alkaline solution as a fermentation feedstock for ethanol production? Please explain. 

The double bonds in natural unsaturated plant fatty acids are always [choice1] and have [choice2] number of carbons.    

The two  lactic acid molecules on the left are starting a polymerization reaction with the goal to produce long chain PLA. What is missing in that box on top of the arrows? What problem would you expect for this reaction and how would you adress it?