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[Extra Credit]. Up to 1 pts.  Evaluate the Citizens United decision. Why might the Court have considered campaign contributions a form of speech? Would the Founders have agreed with this decision? Why or why not?    

(A) The neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield was an important pioneer in mapping the organization of the cortex. Briefly describe the mapping procedure he used. (2 pts) (B) Penfield discovered that there is a “topographic” representation of the body in somatosensory and motor cortex. Explain what this means. (3 pts) (C) Also working in somatosensory cortex, Vernon Mountcastle used single neuron microelectrode recordings to discover a fundamental organizing principle of the cortex. Describe this organization (i.e. his finding). (2 pts) (D) David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel discovered that neurons in primary visual cortex are “orientation selective”. Explain what this means. (3 pts)

Pulmonary elastic recoil exhibits a progressive decline across the lifespan, contributing to changes in respiratory mechanics.

What of the following is NOT a basic requirement that must be met for ecological restoration to be successful? 

(5 pts) Identify the residues of this peptide. Write the 1-letter code of the entire sequence.

Identifying terms and distinctions. Provide brief, precise explanations of each of the following in one or more sentences (5 points each; 25 points total) Explain briefly the central claim of cultural relativism. State 3 of Euthyphro’s attempted definitions of piety. Explain briefly Socrates’ account of justice in the city and in the individual. Explain briefly the two criteria that Aristotle thinks anything must meet in order to be the highest good. Explain briefly Aristotle’s claim that virtue is a mean.

Read about Pedro, then indicate whether each statement is cierto o falso.  [1] Pedro’s parents are Argentinians.  [2] Pedro does not have relatives in Chile.  [3] Pedro’s mother have five sisters.  [4] Pedro is an artist.  [5] Pedro studies geography. 

Which of the following molecules can form hydrogen bonds with another identical molecule?

(5 pts) Endomorphin-1, a short bioactive peptide that acts as an endogenous opioid, has the amino acid sequence Tyr–Pro–Trp–Phe. Draw the molecular structure of Endomorphin-1, showing peptide bonds, labeled N- and C-termini, and the side chains of each residue. Leave this question empty in this quiz; instead, you will need to upload your drawing after you submit your exam. 

Otto is trying to convince Ade that listening to podcasts is a good use of time. Ade believes that podcasts are too boring without the visual component and that the hosts are annoying. He is unsure whether podcasts can be funny. He accepts that podcasts are filled with good music. According to Social Judgement Theory, what argument should Otto make to Ade if Otto wants Ade to listen to a podcast with him?