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Plate motion on the earth is driven mainly by:

A mineral that forms (crystallizes) very late (last to solidify at relatively low temperature) in the Bowen’s reaction series is:

An undisturbed horizontal layer of basalt is situated between two sedimentary layers. The basalt exhibits a vesicular texture in its upper portion, while the sedimentary layer immediately below shows some meta-morphic alteration. The sedimentary layer above shows no metamorphic alteration. Which one of the statements below is most likely true about the basalt layer?

Chemical elements are distinguished by:

Which of the following factors has NO influence on the melting of rock?

Where would batholiths and stratovolcanoes probably form?

All silicate minerals contain:

The most viscous (sticky, silica-rich) magma results in rock that is:

Dark colored silicate minerals are generally:

Which of the following combinations represents the most likely association between a volcano type and rock type?