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At which of the following HBCUs did the first African-American aviators train for air combat missions during WWII?A) Louisiana Military Institute B) the Tuskegee InstituteC) Howard UniversityD) Spellman College  

Which of the following was the Supreme Court decision that declared segregation illegal in U.S. public schools in 1954? A) Plessy v. Ferguson B) Brown v. Board C) Roe v. Wade D) Citizens United 

In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court ruled against Homer Plessy, who was charged with breaking segregation laws in the city of:A) MobileB) ShreveportC) New OrleansD) Montgomery

The Birth of a Nation was a 1915 feature film that became a nationwide blockbuster in its day. Which is not true about the film? A) President Woodrow Wilson screened the film in the White House B) It is often hailed as a landmark of innovative filmmaking C) It is a film that casts the Reconstruction-era Ku Klux Klan as heroic D) It condemns racial prejudice and xenophobia. 

UL Lafayette holds the distinction of being the first college anywhere in the segregated South to open its classes to registration by African-American students in 1954; in that year, the school’s name was: A) University of Southwest Louisiana B) Southwest Louisiana Institute  C) Louisiana University D) Lafayette College 

In the decades after the Civil War, historical promotion of the _?_ by Southern historians, politicians, and filmmakers tried to downplay the role that slavery played in spurring the creation of the Confederacy. A) Manifest Destiny B) Lost Cause C) Open Door D) Empire of Liberty

In 1957, Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower federalized local National Guard troops to enforce the desegregation of: A) Little Rock High School B) Louisiana State University C) University of Alabama D) Mississippi State 

Part II. Essay. Use the field provided to construct a response to another of the following questions. Compose two well-developed paragraphs of at least 4-6 sentences each. Remember that your responses must include an adequate balance of general historical analysis and specific supporting details (20 points).    Option 1: After our extensive discussions on Reconstruction, give an assessment of why it ultimately failed. How did the political will to enforce the Reconstruction Amendments evaporate between 1870 and 1877? Are there connections between the Reconstruction era and the Civil Rights era of the mid-twentieth century? If so, name and define a few of them. Be sure to include relevant persons, places, and events in your answer.   Option 2: Name and define a few ways in which the state of Louisiana alone played a prominent role in deciding the history of Reconstruction, from 1862 to 1877, or, during the “Second Reconstruction,” from 1954-1968. In what ways, for example, was Louisiana’s reaction to either event typical of Southern states? In what ways was Louisiana’s Reconstruction story unusual among the states of the South? Be sure to include relevant persons, places, and events in your answer.   Option 3:  After the 1st Reconstruction failed in 1877, African Americans had to struggle for nearly a century to regain the freedoms they lost, due to the rise of the “Jim Crow” segregation system that took hold throughout the South between 1877 and 1896. How then did the leadership of the Civil Rights movement, which grew in strength and influence in the 1900s, take on the struggle for equality on behalf of African Americans in the 20th century? How did the groundwork established in the early 20th century set the stage for the more famous Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s? Be sure to include relevant persons, places, and events in your answer. 

Established by Congress in 1865, the Freedman’s Bureau’s mission was to provide _?_ to former slaves, freed during and after the Civil War: A) job training and educationB) contract mediation with planters C) home economics instruction D) all of these  

True or False. Though debate on the Civil Rights Act took place right as Martin Luther King delivered his“I Have a Dream” speech on the National Mall in 1963, the bill still failed to pass Congress. A) True B) False