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Working in a dusty environment for a long period of time without a proper mask will cause a decrease in lung elasticity due to tissue scaring.  This situation results in a condition called ________.

______ occurs when the bronchioles becomes irritated and constrict, which decreases the amount of oxygen delivered to the alveoli and pulmonary circulation.

If you are dehydrated and your blood volume decreases below its set-point, the hypothalamus will stimulate the posterior pituitary gland to increase its release of ________ which will cause increased water retention at the kidneys.

What molecule diffuses from the air contained within the alveoli into the pulmonary blood supply?

In continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), what serves as the dialysis membrane?

What hormone directly regulates the reabsorption of sodium from the collecting duct?

Can you hold your breath until you die?

In the analogy where the liver is like a sewage treatment plant, the kidneys are like …

This is OPTIONAL BONUS QUESTION #3, which will assess Student Learning Outcomes. In particular, these questions will focus on your ability to analyze human health and medical issues using scientific methodology.  Please read each question below and select the BEST answer from the pull-down menus to the right of each question.  Answer choices can be used more than once or not at all.

Chronic, long-term smoking causes damage to alveoli and significantly decreases the normal surface area for gas exchange in the lungs.  This life-threatening condition is called ________.