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Crimes that are inherently evil in and of themselves are malum prohibitum crimes.

This theory of punishment is often associated with “vengeance.”

The individual freedoms that comprise the zone of freedom under the Constitution are knows as

Dividing the governmental power into three branches is knows as

A defendant who intends the outcome of their act has general intent.

These types of courts do not hear evidence or call witnesses.

The burden of proof in criminal cases is

Element analysis allows for multiple states of mind for the same crime. 

Judicial review is the power of courts to invalidate legislation and the acts of the executive branch that are unlawful.

When courts construe criminal statutes, strict liability is presumed if the statute does not specify a mens rea.