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_______________ is about authority and control of public spaces and buildings in a consumer culture and can be found on most city surfaces.

Ethnicity is primarily connected to the biology of a person.

Look at the following headlines. What positions do you think the authors take based on the language used? What can be gleaned from things like transitivity patterns, word choice (i.e. syntagmatic vs. paradigmatic axes), and presupposition? Republicans Choose a New Speaker Nominee, Then Quickly Undercut Him(The New York Times, Accessed Oct. 11, 2023) House Republicans choose Scalise as their candidate for speaker after McCarthy’s ouster(Fox News, Accessed Oct. 11, 2023) Steve Scalise Secures GOP Nod for Speaker but Fails to Win 217 Votes (Breitbart, Accessed Oct. 11, 2023) Republicans Nominate Steve Scalise for House Speaker Over Jim Jordan(The Wall Street Journal, Accessed Oct. 11, 2023) GOP Slow-Walks Scalise – Not Sure They Have the Votes!(The Huffington Post, Accessed Oct. 11, 2023)

According to the “rules” of memes, which of the following is not required?

Memes are more effective when the elements do not contain references to cultural artifacts.

According to Saussure’s three kinds of language, parole is comprised of langage and langue.

Which of the following sentences uses like as a discourse marker?

When people are being entertained, they are more critical of the ideological messages they are being presented with.

Linguists decide the building codes of a language.

The syntagmatic axis refers to the order in which the words are placed.