Microbiologists estimate we have grown and studied less than…

Microbiologists estimate we have grown and studied less than 1% of all prokaryotes present on Earth. We have been estimating this same number for at least the past two decades. What is the most likely explanation for why this number has stayed relatively constant at 1%?

You have two species of bacteria with the same growth rate a…

You have two species of bacteria with the same growth rate and metabolism. Species A is capable of chemotaxis in response to the carbon source you provide in the growth medium, whereas species B is non-motile and will generally sink to the bottom of the tube. You inoculate identical numbers of cells of each species into each of two test tubes (i.e., species A into test tube 1, and species B into test tube 2) and use a spectrophotometer to measure their growth, being careful not to shake or mix the tubes when taking your measurements. Assume nutrients diffuse slowly within the media. Which species should use up nutrients faster and reach stationary phase first?

The Fourth Amendment expressly states that warrants particul…

The Fourth Amendment expressly states that warrants particularly describe the “place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.” In some situations, however, the suspect’s name is not known. Then, a specific description of the suspect is sufficient and a “John Doe” warrant will be issued.

If the police only have a hunch that an item is in a place t…

If the police only have a hunch that an item is in a place to be searched, but do not include the item in the application for a warrant, the item can be seized under the doctrine of “plain view,” as long as the police are legally authorized (by obtaining a warrant) to be on the premises.