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In Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Supreme Court ruled that enslaved Black people were not citizens of the United States and Scott was his owner’s permanent property regardless whether he was taken to a free state or territory.

The Federalists believed that the most apparent source of tyranny was the

When the courts apply strict scrutiny, the burden of proof is on the government to show the law serves a “compelling state interest” and that the government used the “least restrictive means” of achieving it.

The _____ is the concluding paragraph of Article I Section VIII of the Constitution — also known as the necessary and proper clause — which provides Congress with the authority to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated power.

If a prisoner was required to shave his beard to comply with the institution’s policy despite the act being against his Muslim faith, then this would likely violate the free exercise clause of the Constitution.

Federalists attacked the supremacy clause and the elastic clause because they expanded the national government’s power.

Prior to the ratification of the Bill of Rights, the Constitution failed to include any protections of civil liberties.

What happened in 1937 that decisively ended the era of dual federalism?

Why was the Seneca Falls convention of 1848 significant?

The Articles of Confederation was concerned primarily with