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Which of the following best describes a smeared-crack model?

Shear stresses will exist in those parts of a beam where the moment changes from section to section.

A continuous beam’s flexural reinforcement must extend at least _____ from the point where it is no longer needed to resist tension. Assume f’c = 4,000 psi, fyt = 40,000 psi, b1 = 32 in., b2 = 14 in., d1 = 6 in., d2 = 15 in., and that there are three No. 9 longitudinal tension bars and No. 3 stirrups at 6 in. o.c. The stirrup hooks are 90°.

When a beam is supported by a girder or other beam of essentially the same depth, hanger reinforcement should be provided in the joint.

A 116-mm-long beam supports a load of P = 43 N at midspan. The cross section is rectangular with width b = 29 mm and height h = 45 mm. Determine the magnitude of the horizontal shear stress at the centroid of the cross section.

Compute φVn for the cross section shown. Assume f’c = 7,500 psi, fyt = 40,000 psi, b = 12 in., d = 25 in., and that there are four No. 8 longitudinal tension bars and No. 3 stirrups at 9 in. o.c.

Inclined shear reinforcement is practical because seismic activity can cause the loads to reverse, which could cause the cracks to form parallel to the inclined reinforcement.

Aggregate interlock is when aggregate particles on two faces of a crack are interlocked. This friction resists the sliding of the faces past each other.

A simply-supported beam has a 2 kip/ft uniformly-distributed load over the entire 8-ft span. What is the magnitude of the maximum shear force in the beam?

If φVc = 44 kip and Vu = 39 kip, are stirrups required?