A solid concrete wall has dimensions [L] m x[b] m and is [d]…

A solid concrete wall has dimensions [L] m x[b] m and is [d] cm thick. The thermal conductivity of the concrete is 1.3 W/m ∙ K, and it separates a basement from the ground outside. The inner surface of the wall is at [p]°C, and the outside surface is at [q]°C. How much heat flows through the wall every [t] minutes?

A [m] kg copper bar is put into a smelter for melting. The i…

A [m] kg copper bar is put into a smelter for melting. The initial temperature of the copper is [a] K. How much heat must the smelter produce to completely melt the copper bar? The specific heat for copper is 386 J/kg∙K, the heat of fusion for copper is 205,000 J/kg, and its melting point is 1357 K.