Blog

A 70-year-old woman reports gradual central vision loss. Fundus exam reveals drusen deposits and pigmentary changes. Which process explains her disease?

A 42-year-old man presents with episodic severe pain and swelling in his big toe after alcohol intake. Joint aspirate shows negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals under polarized light. Serum uric acid 9.2 mg/dL (normal 3.5–7.2). Which process explains his condition?

A 64-year-old patient reports morning headaches, nausea, and brief episodes of blurred vision. Funduscopic exam shows papilledema. MRI reveals a frontal lobe mass with surrounding vasogenic edema. Which process explains the symptoms?

A 44-year-old man presents with headaches, enlarged hands and feet, and spacing of his teeth. Labs: IGF-1 elevated, glucose tolerance test fails to suppress GH. Which process explains his condition?

A 68-year-old man presents with progressive dyspnea and pink sputum. Exam shows pulmonary crackles. Which process explains his illness?

A 32-year-old Asianman presents to ED after collapsing during exercise. He is resuscitated. Imaging shows hypertrophied interventricular septum. Which process explains his collapse?

A 74-year-old woman presents after a fall with hip pain. Imaging shows a femoral neck fracture. DXA scan reveals T-score –2.9 (normal ≥ –1.0). Which pathophysiologic process explains her fracture risk?

A 57-year-old man presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and blurred vision. HbA1c is 9.8% (normal

A 42-year-old Jewish woman with lupus presents with erythematous malar rash. Which process explains her dermatologic finding?

A 60-year-old woman from Mexico presents with thickened scaling plaques on her elbows and nail pitting. Which process explains her illness?