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[MidA] In consideration of the baseline data illustrated below, which continuing data path best predicts future problem behavior in the absence of intervention?

[MidA] Fredrick’s mother reports that he often cries and hides when told it is time for bed most nights. The behavior analyst observes Fredrick just before bedtime for several days and graphs the data. Next, she instructs Fredrick’s parents to implement a visual-schedule intervention, which provides their son with a clear sequence of activities before bedtime. Fredrick’s parents report that they are happy with the outcome of the intervention. Which basic operation of the science of behavior analysis is missing from this example?

[MidA] Naomi receives a referral to support a student who frequently calls out in class without raising their hand. Naomi observes the student during a 45-minute language-arts block and documents 22 instances of calling out. At the next visit, she recommends that the teacher implement a reinforcement system for hand-raising and remind the student of the class rules before each lesson. One week later, Naomi returns and observes only 6 instances of hand raising in 45 minutes. She graphs the data and compares the frequency from before and after the strategy was introduced, showing a noticeable reduction. Which basic operation of the science of behavior analysis is missing from this example?

[MidA] Tania delivers a parenting class and teaches the task-analyzed skill of using reinforcement. Tania asks a volunteer named Isaiah to come to the front while she demonstrates the skill. She then asks Isaiah to demonstrate the skill while she provides prompts and to practice with feedback in front of the class. After the demonstration, Tania performs a pretest of each participant’s percent of accurate steps of the skill without additional prompts or practice. Next, she provides training using the prompts and practice with feedback, followed by another test for each participant post-training. Isaiah scores higher than most other participants on his pre-test and post-test. This is most likely an example of what type of threat to internal validity?

[MidA] Patsy is in a high-school special education class with other students with various diagnoses. Patsy is friendly and loves to laugh and tell jokes to others but often mentions that she is lonely and wants a friend. At lunch in the cafeteria with the entire student body, she often sits alone while some students tease her, and others just ignore her. Given this information, which of the following would be considered the most socially valid outcome/result for Patsy?

[MidA] Merle is in 10th grade in a special education class with other students with various diagnoses. Merle is friendly and loves to laugh and tell jokes to others but often mentions that he is lonely and wants a friend. At lunch in the cafeteria with the entire student body, he often sits alone while some students tease him, and others ignore him. Given this information, which of the following would be considered Merle’s most socially valid outcome/result?

  [MidA] Based on the instructions and the behavior of interest, this best exemplifies:

[MidA] Kris works as a salesperson in a clothing store that sells formal wear for men and women. Grace, the owner, wants her salespeople to sell more accessories with the clothes they sell. Grace offers a $1,000 bonus to whichever salesperson sells the most accessories each month. The first month, Kris sells the most accessories and receives the bonus. Kris now tends to sell more accessories with each outfit she sells. In the third month of the incentive program, a new line of semi-formal clothes arrives in stock. During the fourth month of the program, Kris and the other salespeople sell fewer accessories. Which of the following is most likely to be an extraneous variable in this scenario?

[MidA] An OBM specialist is consulting at a local restaurant to improve employee accuracy when packaging customer orders. They plan to evaluate whether task clarification is more effective than feedback delivery in improving the accuracy of packaging orders. Which type of analysis is this an example of?

[MidA] The OBM consultant wants to increase the use of safety goggles by assembly line workers and takes pre-intervention data over the course of a week. After a week, he implements an antecedent intervention consisting of a flashing sign with goggles on it at the entrance of the work area to prompt workers to wear their goggles. Where on an equal-interval line graph should the OBM consultant indicate the range for the percentage of workers wearing their goggles on an equal-interval line graph?