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Which of the following gram negative rods is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?

In general compare and contrast diseases of glomerulus vs. disease of the tubules.

Chronic pyelonephritis is the direct result of congenital condition, Vesicoureteral Reflux which portion of the kidney is being impacted by this condition?   

Which portion of the nephron is being impacted if a patient is suffering from acute tubular necrosis?

History: A 25-year-old pregnant woman comes to the ED with symptoms of lower back pain, urinary frequency, and a burning sensation when voiding.  Her pregnancy has been normal up to this point.  She is given a sterile container and asked to collect a mid-stream clean catch urine specimen.  Routine urinalysis results are as follows. Exam 1(2).jpg What is the most probable diagnosis for this patient?

Which of the following definitions would be used for the term agglutination?

How can a bacterial capsule be a virulence factor?

Which of the following proteins are secreted by cells infected by viruses to warn cells nearby to protect themselves?

Bonus: What are the 5 phases of the washer-sterilizer? (You need all five to get the 5 bonus points.  Do not list more than five.)

What mass of metal X will be formed by passing {I} A through XNO3(aq) for {t} seconds? The molar mass of X is 104.87 g/mol. Answer format:  Enter your answer in grams but do not include the units.  Enter 2 sig figs in standard, not scientific notation.