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[BLANK-1] was a U.S. senator who celebrated America’s victory in the Spanish-American War and welcomed the opportunity for imperialism. He claimed that Americans were an “elect people of God” and had a “mission to perform” and “duty to discharge” around the world. He favored American expansion in the Pacific and viewed anti-imperialism as being anti-American.

More than 100,000 profit seekers and migrants rushed to the Rocky Mountains in the mid-nineteenth century. [BLANK-1] generated an estimated $25.5 million in resources; however, outside parties invested more than double that amount in the region in their quest for a quick profit.

Conservationist Theodore Roosevelt was an environmentalist who sought to preserve nature for the enjoyment and recreation of future generations. He greatly expanded [BLANK-1] and dedicated more land for conservation than any president in history.

In the post-Reconstruction south, southern states attempted novel ways of disenfranchising African Americans. One such effort at disenfranchisement was [BLANK-1]. This policy also prevented a large number of poor whites from voting, but proved an effective measure for limiting the political participation of African Americans. By 1940, only 3% of adult black southerners were registered to vote.

[BLANK-1] was a large group of protestors who marched on Washington D.C. in 1894 to demand that the government create new jobs for the large group of unemployed. In what became a continual pattern in the 1890s, federal troops were used to disperse the protestors (as they would later be used to disperse striking workers while protecting capitalist owners). The Populist Party used the outrage engendered by the treatment of these protestors to attract more workers and common people to their cause.

[BLANK-1] was a congressman and key figure of Radical Republicanism during Reconstruction. He was an idealist who believed in racial equality and pushed forward many advancements for African Americans during this period. There were limits to his efforts, however, as his land redistribution bill failed to come to a vote in congress.

At a massacre known as [BLANK-1], around 300 Native Americans were killed in their encampment by U.S. troops on December 29, 1890. The Native Americans were part of a non-violent, spiritual movement known as the Ghost Dancers. This massacre essentially signaled the end of large-scale Native American resistance in the United States.

Like European imperial powers before them, the United States justified its imperial expansion by claiming a commitment to [BLANK-1]. Proponents of empire argued that it was America’s duty to spread its culture (including language, religion, education, railways, hygiene, legal principles, etc.) to less advanced areas.

[BLANK-1] was founded in 1896 and pushed for an expansion of suffrage.

President Ulysses S. Grant used all the powers of the federal government to protect black citizens during Reconstruction and to prosecute those who used violence against newly freed slaves. Grant’s campaign against perpetrators of violence against blacks nearly eradicated hate groups like the White Lotus League and the KKK. However, with [BLANK-1], the judicial branch overturned most of the arrests made under the Enforcement Acts and freed those arrested by federal officers (including those who had murdered multiple people). Deprived of the ability to federally enforce protection of blacks, Grant and his successors were unable to effectively prevent the waves of violence and intimidation against blacks in the south following the end of Reconstruction