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During extinction of hitting previously reinforced by access to toys held by peers, therapists do not allow any child who hits a peer to gain access to the toys. Shortly after introducing the extinction contingency, hitting initially increases above baseline levels. This increase in hitting is an example of:

Which verbal operant includes a nonverbal stimulus as the antecedent?

Aggiungi le preposizioni semplici che mancano nel brano che segue.   Tipi di pasta Oggi esistono centinaia (hundreds) [1] tipi di pasta, lunga o corta (long or short), [2] forme particolari o piccolissima adatta [3] le minestre: può essere ripiena (filled) di carne, pesce, verdure e formaggi, e avere addirittura (even) colori diversi, grazie all’aggiunta [4] ingredienti coloranti naturali (natural food dyes) nell’impasto (dough), come gli spinaci, il pomodoro o il nero di seppia. [5] alcuni casi la colorazione è solo estetica, ma spesso serve [6] valorizzare il sapore (flavor) delle ricette. Un’importante distinzione è [7] la pasta “secca” (dried) e “fresca” (fresh). La pasta secca si conserva per molto tempo ed è prodotta con la farina di grano duro (la semola). Esempi [8] pasta secca sono gli spaghetti, le penne, le farfalle, e i fusilli, che restano un po’ duri dopo la cottura. La pasta fresca, invece, è ottenuta [9] un impasto [10] farina di grano tenero, o di semola, e uova. Esempi di pasta fresca sono i tortellini, i ravioli, le lasagne e le fettuccine, morbidi dopo la cottura.  Guardate sotto alcuni tipi di pasta:   

The emergence of learning about relations that three or more stimuli are functionally similar is called:

We are becoming increasingly worried about kids’ reading skills after the pandemic and have developed a reading app. We are working with a group of kids (ages 4-9). We assign one group of kids to spend one hour a week on the reading app that is focused on helping kids learn to read. Another group of kids (ages 4 – 9) reads books for one hour a week without additional help. We believe those in the app group will gain additional reading skills and more confidence.  Please define and provide an example of intent to treat and treatment on the treated. How concerned should we be about this in this scenario? Why?

Operant extinction occurs when responding decreases because the:

What are the two factors governing negative reinforcement with two-factor theory?

A procedure in which an operant response is reinforced in the presence of an SD and extinguished in the presence of an SΔ is called:

We are becoming increasingly worried about kids’ reading skills after the pandemic and have developed a reading app. We are working with a group of kids (ages 4-9). We assign one group of kids to spend one hour a week on the reading app that is focused on helping kids learn to read. Another group of kids (ages 4 – 9) reads books for one hour a week without additional help. We believe those in the app group will gain additional reading skills and more confidence.  Please define the comparison and intervention group and provide who would be in which category according to the scenario above. Why are both groups important here?

We are becoming increasingly worried about kids’ socialization skills after the pandemic. We are working with a group of kids (ages 7-10). We assign one group of kids to the socialization group where they play board games, playground games, and participate in interactive group activities. Another group of kids (ages 7 -10) reads silently or plays independent video games. We believe those in the socialization group will gain more friends and learn better social skills. We want to determine if this program should be rolled out in other schools or nationwide. Please discuss and define who would be in the comparison and intervention group? Make sure to utilize the scenario in the question in your answer. Please describe why we need to have both groups for this intervention. Which one do you think is most crucial? Why?