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Extravagant mating features like the cumbersome tail of the male Indian peafowl were initially offered as evidence against evolution by natural selection because people argued that such features

When individuals are not producing their own offspring but are assisting in some manner in increasing the reproductive success of relatives through inclusive fitness, that is known as

Male mosquitoes compete with each other for access to females, but not by direct physical interference. What specialized apparatus do they use to outcompete each other?

A mating system in which there are at least three individuals in the breeding group is called

Polygamy is a mating system involving breeding groups of more than two individuals. Which of the following is the most frequent among human societies?

In some organisms, observations indicate that females that are experimentally widowed experience a decline in their reproductive success. This is support for which hypothesis explaining monogamy?

In a lekking species, which is the most likely pattern?  

Biologists have suggested several possible explanations for male ornaments used in inter-sexual selection. Which of the following hypotheses involves direct benefits to the female?

Where females are clustered in a space, what type of mating system is likely to result?

When one sex invests considerably less than the other sex in terms of reproductive investment or effort, what is invariably true?