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Which of the following is not a criterion of Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

Castellanos (1997) offered a complex model regarding the pathophysiology of ADHD which traced the etiology primarily to a problem of: Castellanos, F. (1997).  Toward a pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.  Clinical Pediatrics, July, 381-389.

One study discussed in the lecture tapes examined the sleeping patterns of sexually and/or physically abused 9-year-old children.Which of the following statements best describes documented effects of sexual and/or physical abuse on child sleep patterns? Glod, C., Teicher, M., Hartman, C., & Harakal, T.(1997).Increased nocturnal activity and impaired sleep maintenance in abused children.Journal of Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(9), 1236-1240.

The following DSM-5 criteria apply to which particular Personality Disorder? Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own (because of a lack of self-confidence in judgment or abilities rather than a lack of motivation or energy):

Which of the following is not a neurotransmitter?  

The goal of the following therapeutic approach is to provide the client with insight regarding his or her needs, wishes and desires (motivations): 

Castellanos (1997) offered a complex model regarding the pathophysiology of ADHD which traced the etiology primarily to a problem of: Castellanos, F.  (1997).  Toward a pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.  Clinical Pediatrics, July, 381-389.

The findings of genetic studies and other research on the role of heritability in depression suggests that:  

Rapid-cycling in Bipolar Disorder is defined by at least how many manic or depressive episodes within a year? 

The DSM-5 criteria for exhibitionism (and most of the other paraphilic) disorders require one or more of the following with the exception of: