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Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women’s lives?

“Nobody has one exclusive sphere of activity but each can become accomplished in any branch he wishes, society regulates the general production and thus makes it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, raise cattle in the evening, [and] criticize after dinner.” Karl Marx, German philosopher, describing his view of life in a communist society, 1846 Marx’s statement in the passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following responses to the development and spread of global capitalism in the nineteenth century?

PERCENTAGES OF WORKERS EMPLOYED IN TEXTILE FACTORIES IN ENGLAND BY AGE AND GENDER, 1835–1867 Year Children (8–12 years) Women (13 years and over) Men (13 years and over) 1835 15.9 47.3 37.7 1838 7.9 54.0 38.1 1847 7.9 54.9 37.2 1850 6.8 55.3 37.7 1856 7.7 56.2 36.1 1861 9.0 55.8 35.2 1867 10.0 56.1 33.8 Source: Data adapted from Clark Nardinelli, “Child Labor and the Factory Acts,” The Journal of Economic History, 40:4 (1980): 744. The data were compiled by British government inspectors who reported their findings to the British Parliament. The labor patterns shown in the table are most directly relevant in understanding which broader process in nineteenth-century Europe?

PERCENTAGES OF WORKERS EMPLOYED IN TEXTILE FACTORIES IN ENGLAND BY AGE AND GENDER, 1835–1867 Year Children (8–12 years) Women (13 years and over) Men (13 years and over) 1835 15.9 47.3 37.7 1838 7.9 54.0 38.1 1847 7.9 54.9 37.2 1850 6.8 55.3 37.7 1856 7.7 56.2 36.1 1861 9.0 55.8 35.2 1867 10.0 56.1 33.8 Source: Data adapted from Clark Nardinelli, “Child Labor and the Factory Acts,” The Journal of Economic History, 40:4 (1980): 744. The data were compiled by British government inspectors who reported their findings to the British Parliament. The high proportion of women and children among the workers reflected in the table is best seen in the context of the

Some historians have argued that the Haitian Revolution (1791—1804) marks the beginning of the process of decolonization that culminated in the dissolution of European colonial empires after the Second World War. Historians who take this position are likely to place the greatest emphasis on the importance of which of the following in the decolonization process?

“Americans today . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, . . . or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity, and the barriers between American provinces, designed to prevent all exchange of trade, traffic, and understanding. In short, do you wish to know what our future held?—simply the cultivation of fields . . . cattle raising . . . hunting wild game . . . mining gold.” Simón Bolívar, Letter from Jamaica, 1815 In the excerpt, Bolívar expresses which of the following?

In “The Fall of the House of Usher,” what does the narrator find to be the explanation for his host’s sad situation?

The narrator is anxious because he found out that bedroom is above the dungeon.

How long had Rip “slept”?

Hawthorne uses _______ as a symbol of innocence.