Suppose a researcher was interested in investigating bone fr…

Suppose a researcher was interested in investigating bone fractures as a potential exposure affecting pneumonia (i.e., lung infection). To study this, the researcher decided to sample individuals who attended the emergency room (ER) of Tampa General Hospital, because bone fractures and pneumonia are both reasons for attending the ER.    What form of selection bias may affect the results from this study?

Case 1 (Questions 11-13) Suppose a team of researchers condu…

Case 1 (Questions 11-13) Suppose a team of researchers conducts a case-control study on the association between hypertension and stroke among adults aged 50 and older in Florida. For this study, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 and older who experienced a stroke as the cases. As controls, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 or older who did not experience a stroke. To assess each participant’s exposure status, the researchers asked the participants to fill out a questionnaire in which the participants were asked to retrospectively report if they have had hypertension in the past. When is the measurement error in hypertension in case 1 differential? (max. 4 points)

Case 1 (Questions 11-13) Suppose a team of researchers condu…

Case 1 (Questions 11-13) Suppose a team of researchers conducts a case-control study on the association between hypertension and stroke among adults aged 50 and older in Florida. For this study, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 and older who experienced a stroke as the cases. As controls, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 or older who did not experience a stroke. To assess each participant’s exposure status, the researchers asked the participants to fill out a questionnaire in which the participants were asked to retrospectively report if they have had hypertension in the past. What source of measurement error could affect the measurement of hypertension in case 1? (2 points) Explain why you chose this source of measurement error (2 points).