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  Lena is typically calm and even-tempered, but after receiving an unexpected job offer, she feels a burst of excitement and joy. Lena’s usual calmness reflects a ________, whereas her sudden excitement reflects a ________.  

  Jamie loves painting and often spends hours creating artwork just because it’s fun and relaxing. After winning an art contest with a cash prize, Jamie starts painting mainly to earn more rewards. This change in motivation reflects a shift from  

  Although Jordan dislikes running, he decides to train for a charity 5K race. His decision to start training reflects the ________ quality of motivation, while his continued effort to train every day for several weeks reflects the ________ quality of motivation.  

  While playing peekaboo, 10-month-old Noah laughs when his father hides behind his hands because he knows his father is still there even though he can’t see him. This shows that Noah has developed  

  What is synaptic pruning?  

  An over reliance on what cognitive structure can promote stereotypes?  

  Hiroshi, an exchange student from Japan, notices that his American classmates openly show excitement and enthusiasm during class discussions. Although he is usually more reserved, he begins smiling and expressing enthusiasm to fit in. Hiroshi’s behavior is being influenced by  

  A drawing of a tree looks somewhat like the object it represents, while the written word “tree” does not resemble an actual tree. In this example, the word “tree” is a(n) ________, and the mental image of the tree is a(n) ________.  

  After exploring several career paths and social groups, 18-year-old Jordan decides he wants to become a nurse and feels confident about who he is and what values matter most to him. According to Erikson, Jordan has successfully resolved the crisis of  

  Which of the following situations best illustrates modeling?