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To prove that the medication is effective, the patient must have at least a ____ % improvement in either FVC or FEV1.

A ________________ sign indicates the presence of free fluid in the pleural space. A. concave B. meniscus  C. Silhouette D. Pneumomediastinum

What causes bleeding during a thoracentesis?  

The main drawback to nitrogen washout is _________. A. No special gas mixture is needed B. Specialized breathing pattern is required C. Inaccurate results for air trap diseased patients

Match the definitions to their appropriate description.

________________ pattern is one of normal volumes with reduced flow rates. A. Obstructive B. Restrictive C. Mixed (Obstructive and Restrictive)

The  _______________ is the greatest volume of gas that the patient can exhale as rapidly as possible after the lungs have been completely filled. a. FVC B. IC C. ERV D. VC

A __________ bronchoscope is most often used by thoracic surgeons and interventional pulmonologists.

A normal BAL includes: _______ macrophages _______lymphocytes _______ neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

All of the followings are clinical findings for COPD except: I. Pleural effusions II. Radiolucency III. Elevated WBC A. I only B. II and III C. II only D. I and III