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For Sample (n-alkane mix) on an HP-5 column, the expected elution order (earliest → latest) is:

Two peaks elute at tᵣ,1 = [A] min and tᵣ,2 = [B] min with half-height widths w₀.₅,1 = [X] min and w₀.₅,2 = [Y] min.What is the approximate resolution Rₛ?

The Van Deemter relation predicts that efficiency (N) will be maximized at an intermediate linear velocity (uₒpt), often in the range of 20–40 cm/s for helium on a 30 m capillary.

If the dead time (t₀) is [X] min and the analyte elutes at [Y] min, what is the capacity factor (k’)? (Report to 2 decimal places)

______ exhibits strong amide I (1650 cm⁻¹) and amide II (1550 cm⁻¹) bands.

Primary advantage of ATR–FTIR for viscous oils and fibers:

A library match must always be visually confirmed.

Amide I bands are mainly C=O stretching vibrations.

Which spectra indicate a C=O functional group? (Select all that apply.)

When analyzing unknown organic liquids, which step ensures valid background correction?