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Dashboards present visual displays of important information that are consolidated and arranged on a single screen.

When validating the assumptions of a regression, a metric assumes that the relationship between the response variable and the explanatory variables are linear.

Data accessibility means that the data are easily and readily obtainable.

Typical charts, graphs, and other visual elements used in visualization-based applications usually involve two dimensions.

In what decade did disjointed information systems begin to be integrated?

Successful BI is a tool for the information systems department, but is not exposed to the larger organization.

Interval data are variables that can be measured on interval scales.

A) We cycle through different stages of sleep at night. When you first go to bed, do you first enter non-rapid eye movement (NREM) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep? (2 pt) B) In a typical night of sleep, does the deep stage of NREM sleep (N3) occur mostly in the early (first ~4 hours) or later (last ~4 hours) portion of the night? (2 pt) C) EEG recordings use scalp electrodes to non-invasively record electrical activity from large areas of the brain. Describe what a typical EEG recording from someone in deep N3 NREM sleep would look like. (2 pts) D) Explain what is happening in the brain to produce this type of EEG measurement during N3 NREM sleep. (2 pt) E) How does brain and muscle activity during REM sleep compare to wake? (hint: why is REM sleep also known as “paradoxical sleep”?). (2 pts)  

A) Activity in “wake-promoting” and “sleep-promoting” neurons regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Where are most of the sleep-promoting neurons found in the brain? (1 pt) B) When sleep-promoting neurons are active, what effect do they have on wake-promoting neurons? (1 pt) C) Constantin von Economo found that patients with “sleeping sickness” that slept excessively following a viral infection had damage at the junction between brainstem and forebrain. Explain why damage in this region made it nearly impossible for these patients to stay awake. (2 pts) D) Death of hypocretin (also called orexin) neurons causes narcolepsy. Why does loss of these neurons lead to an inability to stay awake? (2 pts) E) Metabolic waste products and toxins can accumulate in spaces between neurons. Clearance of these substances by the “glymphatic” system, in which cerebrospinal fluid rinses out brain tissue, is important to maintaining brain health. What are the two factors that make clearance of waste/toxins by this system most effective during sleep? (4 pts)

If you completed the test on paper please make sure that you; 1 – Show all of your pages to the honorlock camera BEFORE you submit the test.  If this is not done, the test will not be marked. 2 – Email me clear images of all of your paper that is showing your work for the test (immediately after completing the test). Thank you!