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[MidA] Tania delivers a parenting class and teaches the task-analyzed skill of using reinforcement. Tania asks a volunteer named Isaiah to come to the front while she demonstrates the skill. She then asks Isaiah to demonstrate the skill while she provides prompts and to practice with feedback in front of the class. After the demonstration, Tania performs a pretest of each participant’s percent of accurate steps of the skill without additional prompts or practice. Next, she provides training using the prompts and practice with feedback, followed by another test for each participant post-training. Isaiah scores higher than most other participants on his pre-test and post-test. This is most likely an example of what type of threat to internal validity?

[MidA] Patsy is in a high-school special education class with other students with various diagnoses. Patsy is friendly and loves to laugh and tell jokes to others but often mentions that she is lonely and wants a friend. At lunch in the cafeteria with the entire student body, she often sits alone while some students tease her, and others just ignore her. Given this information, which of the following would be considered the most socially valid outcome/result for Patsy?

[MidA] Merle is in 10th grade in a special education class with other students with various diagnoses. Merle is friendly and loves to laugh and tell jokes to others but often mentions that he is lonely and wants a friend. At lunch in the cafeteria with the entire student body, he often sits alone while some students tease him, and others ignore him. Given this information, which of the following would be considered Merle’s most socially valid outcome/result?

  [MidA] Based on the instructions and the behavior of interest, this best exemplifies:

[MidA] Kris works as a salesperson in a clothing store that sells formal wear for men and women. Grace, the owner, wants her salespeople to sell more accessories with the clothes they sell. Grace offers a $1,000 bonus to whichever salesperson sells the most accessories each month. The first month, Kris sells the most accessories and receives the bonus. Kris now tends to sell more accessories with each outfit she sells. In the third month of the incentive program, a new line of semi-formal clothes arrives in stock. During the fourth month of the program, Kris and the other salespeople sell fewer accessories. Which of the following is most likely to be an extraneous variable in this scenario?

[MidA] An OBM specialist is consulting at a local restaurant to improve employee accuracy when packaging customer orders. They plan to evaluate whether task clarification is more effective than feedback delivery in improving the accuracy of packaging orders. Which type of analysis is this an example of?

[MidA] The OBM consultant wants to increase the use of safety goggles by assembly line workers and takes pre-intervention data over the course of a week. After a week, he implements an antecedent intervention consisting of a flashing sign with goggles on it at the entrance of the work area to prompt workers to wear their goggles. Where on an equal-interval line graph should the OBM consultant indicate the range for the percentage of workers wearing their goggles on an equal-interval line graph?

[MidB] Which of the following is an example of celeration?

[MidA] Tyrick is a 3-year-old learning sign language but has poor fine-motor ability. A physical therapist starts working with Tyrick to strengthen his muscles and fine-motor control. A few years later, Tyrick is now performing his signs clearly to others and can better communicate with those around him. Which of the following is most likely an example of maturation effects in this scenario?

  [MidB] Which of the following is true of this complete daily record