“The [Qing] government sponsored a number of projects design…

“The [Qing] government sponsored a number of projects designed to bolster the navy. The idea was to adopt Western technology but not the values and philosophies that produced it—China would learn from the West, equal it, and then surpass it.” Haiwang Yuan, editor, historian, This is China: The First 5,000 Years, 2010 The philosophy behind the late-nineteenth-century Chinese policy mentioned above was part of which of the following?

PERCENTAGES OF WORKERS EMPLOYED IN TEXTILE FACTORIES IN ENGL…

PERCENTAGES OF WORKERS EMPLOYED IN TEXTILE FACTORIES IN ENGLAND BY AGE AND GENDER, 1835–1867 Year Children (8–12 years) Women (13 years and over) Men (13 years and over) 1835 15.9 47.3 37.7 1838 7.9 54.0 38.1 1847 7.9 54.9 37.2 1850 6.8 55.3 37.7 1856 7.7 56.2 36.1 1861 9.0 55.8 35.2 1867 10.0 56.1 33.8 Source: Data adapted from Clark Nardinelli, “Child Labor and the Factory Acts,” The Journal of Economic History, 40:4 (1980): 744. The data were compiled by British government inspectors who reported their findings to the British Parliament. The data in the table best provide historical context to understand which of the following developments in mid-nineteenth-century Great Britain?