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Exposure to teratogens like valproic acid, ____________, and oligohydramnios are all non-genetic causes of craniosynostosis.

What grading criteria does a proficiency testing program use to grade the reported sample results from its participating laboratories? 

A 22-year-old woman presents with primary amenorrhea and cyclic pelvic pain. Physical exam reveals a shortened vagina and no visible cervix. Imaging confirms a hypoplastic uterus and obstructed vaginal canal. On further history, the patient reports that her mother took a nonsteroidal estrogen during early pregnancy. Which of the following medications is most likely responsible for this patient’s congenital anomaly?

Identify the brain structure/region label with the number 3 in the image below:  

A 6-month-old infant presents with an abnormally elongated and narrow skull. On exam, the anterior fontanelle is closed, and there is a palpable ridge along the midline of the skull. CT confirms early fusion of a midline calvarial suture. Which suture is prematurely fused, and which bones are involved?

Which of the following sites is least likely to be involved in metastatic osteosarcoma?

A 55-year-old man presents with ptosis, diplopia, and inability to move the right eye in most directions. He also has loss of corneal reflex and facial numbness in the forehead and upper eyelid. CT reveals a mass impinging on the superior orbital fissure. Which cranial nerves are affected, and which cranial fossa does this foramen belong to?

A patient is prescribed dopamine at 7 mcg/kg/min. The patient weighs 70 kg. The IV bag contains 400 mg of dopamine in 250 mL. What IV rate (mL/hr) should the nurse set?

A provider orders norepinephrine at 15 mcg/min via continuous IV. The pharmacy delivers a solution of 2 mg in 250 mL of D5W. At what rate (mL/hr) should the infusion pump be set? (Round to the nearest whole number.)

A nurse is ordered to administer magnesium sulfate at 1.5 g/hr. The solution contains 20 g in 500 mL D5W. At what rate should the IV pump be set in mL/hr? (Round to the nearest tenth.)