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Which of the following neural substrates in considered the motor relay station:

 (4 points total – 2 of which will go towards extra credit): Discuss Van der Merwe’s framework for speech motor control. What each level represents and its utility for the ability to disentangle various disorders. Include examples of each.

A patient with a movement disorder presents to your clinic with a unilateral lingual paralysis.  Which of the following would you expect to be his/her most noticeable dysphagic symptom?

A 63 year-old female presents to your clinic complaining of a hoarse vocal quality, resonance imbalance (i.e. hypernasality, nasal emissions) and difficulty swallowing. An oral mechanism examination reveals appropriate function of the masticatory, facial, and lingual muscles; however, you note markedly reduced soft palate elevation. A. Based on this limited case history, name the lesion (1 point).

Put the following statements in the correct order (first to last, 1-5) describing the initiation of phonation based on the myoelastic aerodynamic theory: _______     Intrinsic laryngeal muscles adduct the vocal folds _______     Phonation threshold pressure is reached _______     Vocal folds are blown apart _______     Vocal folds are “sucked” back together _______    Subglottal pressure builds up

A 63 year-old female presents to your clinic complaining of a hoarse vocal quality, resonance imbalance (i.e. hypernasality, nasal emissions) and difficulty swallowing. An oral mechanism examination reveals appropriate function of the masticatory, facial, and lingual muscles; however, you note markedly reduced soft palate elevation. B. You decide to complete a motor speech evaluation. What specific tasks would you select to address her complaints of a hoarse vocal quality and resonance imbalance? (2 points).  

The expiratory muscles (i.e. the rectus abdominus and transverse abdominus) become active:  

A 78 year-old male presents to your multi-disciplinary clinic for a baseline evaluation of speech and swallowing function. The medical history is significant for progressive weakness of the right arm and leg. Additionally, examinations reveal hyperreflexia and weakness of the right lower face, right lingual fasciculations and diffuse atrophy. Perceptually, the patient’s vocal quality is strained. The patient exhibits signs of pseudobulbar affect and denies knowledge of his deficits. C. You also want to look at cough and swallowing function in this patient. You identify the following:           Difficulty with bolus formation oral residue, vallecular and pyriform                 sinus residue, intermittent penetration to the vocal folds,           intermittent silent aspiration, and reduced extent and duration of           the UES. List two swallowing-specific treatment techniques you may recommend to address these deficits. (2 points).

A LMN lesion of CN XII will cause the tongue to deviate ipsilateral to the side of the lesion; whereas an UMN of CN XII will cause the tongue to deviate to the contralateral side of the lesion.

Hyperkinetic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that represents damage to what primary level of Van der Merwe’s framework?