#343 An 8-year-old has been referred to you for an evaluatio…

#343 An 8-year-old has been referred to you for an evaluation due to the following concerns: He often yells when coming into the classroom from the bus or the playground. He is chatty with adults but very “stiff” talking to his peers. He interprets figurative language very literally and can retell a story but has difficulty with the sequence of events. Based on these observations, what area(s) should you focus on during the evaluation?

#318 Mr. Lee, a 79-year-old patient with moderately advanced…

#318 Mr. Lee, a 79-year-old patient with moderately advanced dementia and a history of aspiration pneumonia, is referred for a swallow evaluation after demonstrating frequent coughing on thin liquids and difficulty safely managing regular textured foods. During the clinical assessment and VFSS, he shows prolonged mastication, delayed swallow initiation, reduced airway protection with thin liquids, and significant oral residue with regular solids. He had difficulty following instructions for compensatory technique trials.  He is motivated to continue eating orally but requires modifications for safety.   Based on IDDSI guidelines, which of the following is the most appropriate diet recommendation for Mr. Lee?