HAY – LOS NÚMEROS: Look at the report and answer the questio…

HAY – LOS NÚMEROS: Look at the report and answer the questions with in short sentences. (Write the numerals as words, use capital letter for the first word, and pay attention to the accent marks). Model:   ¿Cuántos chicos hay?                Hay cinco chicos.   Estudiantes en el Club de Español Actividades  1 número total de estudiantes: 21 Lecturas: 17 2 número de chicos: 5 Textos escritos: 23 3 número de chicas: 16 Profesores invitados: 9   1. ¿Cuántos estudiantes en total hay?

Problem 1 (30 points) (a) (10 points) What are the basic com…

Problem 1 (30 points) (a) (10 points) What are the basic components that are necessary to make a laser? Describe briefly the function of each component listed. (b) (5 points) Should you expect gas lasers at relatively low pressure to have emission spectral lineshapes that are dominated by homogeneous broadening or inhomogeneous (i.e. Doppler) broadening? Explain your reasoning. (c) (15 points) Q-switching (i) Qualitatively describe Q-switching and how it is used in laser systems. (ii) What are two methods of accomplishing Q-switching? (iii) What are typical pulse duration and peak power values for Q-switched lasers? Problem 2 (30 points) The L-Shaped Cavity of a Nd:YVO4 laser is shown below. Answer the following questions. Assume the cavity(except the Nd:YVO4 crystal) is filled with air. (a) (10 points) Calculate the free spectral range(FSRυ) for the cavity in MHz. (b) (5 points) For a light source at 532 nm what is the spacing (FSRλ , in terms of wavelength) between the longitudinal modes? (c) (5 points) What is the Finesse of the cavity? (d) (10 points) The gain medium above can be described by a four level system shown below. Sketch the approximate population densities (N2 and N1) for the given lifetime ratios and pump intensities. Provide a brief explanation explaining solution. You may sketch and label the population densities on the plot provided for each case. Initial population of states 1 and 2 can be assumed to be 0. State any additional assumptions you make, if required. Problem 3 (40 points) In the laser system shown below, only state 2 is pumped directly from the ground (or 0) state with a pumping value of R2 (cm-3/sec). State 2 decays to 0 at a rate of 5 x 106 sec-1 and to 1 by spontaneous emission (A21) and quenching collisions (k21) at a total rate (A21+k21) of 107 sec-1. The lifetime (τ1) of state 1 is 50ns. Assume homogeneous broadening; line width Δυ = 2  cm-1(= 60 GHz), λ= 400 nm; A21 = 106 sec-1; M= 40 x 1.67 x 10-27 kg; T=500K and that the medium fills the cavity in the manner shown below. Also assume steady state. (a) (10 points) What is the stimulated emission cross section at line center? (b) (10 points) Estimate the population inversion necessary to bring the laser to threshold? (c) (10 points) Write down the rate equations for the system described and calculate the steady state population densities N2 and N1. (d) (10 points) What is the pump rate needed to bring the laser to threshold?  (Hint: gi=2Ji+1) Congratulations, you are almost done with this exam.  DO NOT end the Honorlock session until you have submitted your work.  When you have answered all questions:  Use your smartphone to scan your answer sheet and save the scan as a PDF. Make sure your scan is clear and legible.  Submit your PDF as follows: Email your PDF to yourself or save it to the cloud (Google Drive, etc.).  Click this link to go to Gradescope: Final Exam Return to this window and click the button below to agree to the honor statement. Click Submit Quiz to end the exam.  End the Honorlock session. 

In the textbox, write your essay and complete all the gramma…

In the textbox, write your essay and complete all the grammar components. TOPIC: What are the two main discussion topics in THIS class that changed the way you think or do something? It could be a small or big change. Include specific details to support your ideas. After you finish writing, please: (this section is worth 50 points) Write the number of words next to the title. Remember that you should have at least 300 words. Write “thesis statement” at the beginning of the thesis and highlight the topic in green and the controlling idea in yellow (3 points for highlighted, labeled, correct position and format) Write “topic sentence 1and topic sentence 2” at the beginning of each topic sentence and highlight topic in green and the controlling idea in yellow  (4 pts for each highlighted, labeled, correct position and format). Underline ONE simple sentence. Write #1 at the beginning of the sentence. (one clause only) Underline TWO complex sentences with adverb clause of time. Write #2 and 3 at the beginning of the sentences.  Underline TWO complex sentences with adverb clause of reason. Write #4 and 5 at the beginning of the sentences. Underline ONE complex sentence with adverb clause of concession. Write #6 at the beginning of the sentence. Underline ONE complex sentence with adverb clause of condition. Write #7 at the beginning of the sentence. Underline ONE compound sentence. Write #8 at the beginning of the sentence. Note: Each of the compound and complex sentences should have only two clauses. Sentences with more than two clauses will not receive credit. 10.Highlight all the subjects in blue (10 points) 11. Highlight all the verbs  in every clause in pink. Be careful! You should highlight the verbs with verb tenses and modals connected to them but NOT words that look like verbs working as nouns or adjectives. (10 points)

A 9-month-old infant weighing 7.2 kg recently had a serum di…

A 9-month-old infant weighing 7.2 kg recently had a serum digoxin level that was below the therapeutic range. The cardiac NP updates the prescription to 4 mcg/kg/day PO every morning, which is within the safe range of 3–5 mcg/kg/day. The available concentration of digoxin is 50 mcg/mL. The infants apical pulse is 96/minute. How much digoxin should the nurse administer?