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There are numerous noninvasive ways to evaluate a patient with symptoms of cardiovascular disease.  Which of the following statements is a true statement?

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders characterized by insulin resistance, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia. Your patient has the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Which of the following findings is NOT included in the criteria to diagnose metabolic syndrome?

Cardiac disease is the number one cause of death in the United States. Patient and family education to prevent coronary disease is an important role of the primary care provider. It is also important that APRNs recognize the signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarction when the patient is presenting in the primary care setting, and to immediately call 911. Which of the following in NOT a common sign or symptom of a myocardial infarction?

Medications may contribute to symptoms of GERD by decreasing salivation, esophageal motility, lower esophageal sphincter tone, or a combination of these factors. Which of the following class of medications is NOT known to increase the prevalence of GERD?

What is the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) recommendation for discontinuing herbal medications prior to a planned surgery?

A patient reports a decrease in the frequency of stools and asks about treatment for constipation. Which of the following criteria is NOT included in the Rome IV criteria for diagnosing constipation?

The patient with an acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury may recall hearing a “pop” when the injury occurred. What maneuver would you include during a physical examination to assess the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver and can be caused by alcohol consumption, autoimmune disease, malnutrition, metabolic defects, medications, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and viruses. Six hepatitis viruses are responsible for causing acute hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E and G). Only three of the six cause chronic hepatitis (B, C and D). Which form of hepatitis is spread rapidly via the fecal-oral route?

You are evaluating a 17-year-old patient for a sports clearance evaluation. His physical exam findings are within normal range, you note S1 and S2 heart sounds without a murmur, normal blood pressure and equal pulses. Your patient’s mom informs you that his father has a history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (a rare congenital condition characterized by abnormal electrical pathways in the heart). She mentions that he has been treated and is doing well. How does this affect your patient’s evaluation?

Your next patient is a 52-year-old woman with the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Her low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level is 160 gm/dL. According to the ACC/AHA Guideline criteria for “Treatment of Hyperlipidemia with Statin Therapy to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk”, what is your treatment recommendation to manage this patient?