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Page 2: Consider the following description of a feedback loop: After a meal that includes large numbers of carbohydrates, the body breaks down these carbohydrates primarily into glucose which is absorbed into the blood. This increases blood glucose concentration. Cells in the pancreatic islets known as Beta cells detect this increase in glucose concentration. The exact mechanism for this detection is complicated, but basically increased glucose concentration increases the ratio of ATP/ADP which ultimately increases calcium concentration in the beta cell. High calcium concentration leads to the secretion of insulin via exocytosis. Insulin travels through the blood to the liver. Insulin causes the liver to increase permeability of the liver cells to glucose and also triggers the synthesis of glycogen, which requires glucose. The net effect is a decrease in glucose concentration. 6. What is the effector in the above example [6] 7. The above example is an example of a [7] 8. Which of the following describes the Anatomical Position Position? [8] 9. Which Cavity contains the urinary bladder [9] 10. Which Cavity contains the Heart [10]

Page 7: 31. Which tissue is found in the pubic symphysis and the intervertebral discs? [31] 32. Which connective tissue has dense bundles of collagen fibers that run in all directions and is found in the dermis of the skin? [32] 33. Which connective tissue is considered a dense connective tissue? [33] 34. A gland with a single duct and a cylindrical secretory portion that twists into a looped mass would be classified as [34]. An example would be sweat glands 35. Which connective tissue is capable of storing chemical energy in the form of triglycerides? [35]  

A study of brucellosis and working in animal farms reported a risk ratio (RR) of 6.0. Which of the following statements is the correct interpretation of the risk ratio (RR) result?  

Page 6 26. What type of cell is found in bone tissue? [26] 27. Which type of fiber consists of large bundles of triple helical polypeptides and are best at resisting tension [27] 28. Which type of tissue has multinucleated, cylindrical and striated and responsible for voluntary contractions? [28] 29. Which connective tissue forms the stroma of soft organs? [29] 30. Which connective tissue is found the wall of large arteries, such as the aorta, and lungs? [30]  

Which of the following is a measure of central location?  

Population health concerns organized societal activities  

Page 1: 1. Which of the following breaks down old bone matrix? [1] 2. Which of the follow is a bone cell that is capable of mitosis and differentiates into other bone cells? [2] 3. Action of which cell would directly decrease the concentration of calcium in the blood? [3] 4. Which of the following is a hollow tube filled with blood vessels that runs perpendicular to the periosteum and connects osteons to one another? [4] 5. interstitial Lamellae are [5]

Page 4: 16. Cell-cell junctions that attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the extracellular matrix are called what? [16] They consist of intermediate filaments attached to a plaque attached to transmembrane integrins attached to some sort of extracellular protein fiber (typically collagen) 17. The type of tissue that is both electrically excitable and has the ability to contract generating a force is a [17] 18. Connective Tissues are classified based on [18] 19. The basement membrane is typically found where? [19] 20. What is the function of microvilli? [20]  

Page 7: 31. Which tissue is found in moveable joints, covering the ends of long bones, in the tracheal rings, the nose and attaching the ribs to the sternum? [31] 32. Which connective tissue has many branched fibers that form the framework for the parenchymal cells of soft organs? [32] 33. Which connective tissue is considered a loose connective tissue? [33] 34. A gland with multiple, bulb-shaped secretory portions sharing a single duct would be classified as a [34]. Hint: an example would be a sebaceous gland 35. Which connective tissue is capable of storing mechanical energy as it is stretched out, then returns to its original shape? [35]  

Page 8: 36. At the ends of a sarcomere, the structure that holds the thin filaments in alignment and connects one sarcomere to the next is the [36] 37. During muscle contraction, acetylcholine is released [37] 38. During which phase of the contraction cycle does actin let go of myosin [38] 39. in 2017, Kim Jong Nam, half brother of Norths Korean dictator Kim Jong Un was allegedly assassinated using VX nerve agent. VX is an acetylcholine analog. When present at the NMJ, it binds to the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. However, after being broken apart, a portion of the VX molecule stays bound to acetylcholinesterase, effectively preventing the enzyme from functioning. In short, VX is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Based on your knowledge of the role of acetylcholinesterase plays in muscle contraction, what is a possible cause of death for Kim Jon Nam? [39] 40. Which of the following shortens during muscle contraction? [40]