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There are a total of two discussions, including the “Introduce Yourself”discussion. 

What is the THIRD thing you should do as you start this semester?

One of the longstanding complaints against the Catholic Church, and one that Martin Luther took great exception to, was the practice of Catholic authorities selling [BLANK-1]. By the Late Middle Ages, Catholic priests, bishops, cardinals, and even popes took to selling these. They took many forms in reality, but they are best remembered as “golden tickets to heaven.” Believers could purchase these from church authorities and guarantee a spot in heaven for themselves or a loved one; they could even pay for a loved one who had already passed to get out of Purgatory with their purchase. Luther would argue that there was no scriptural basis for this practice and that it actually ran counter to the teachings of Jesus when he published his 95 Theses.

European voyages of discovery were largely fueled by the knowledge held in Muslim centers of learning in Africa and the Middle East (many classical texts had been lost during the Middle Ages in Europe). Great advancements in cartography and maritime navigation were fueled by the rediscovery of Ptolemy’s [BLANK-1] in 1410. The document was originally written around 150 C.E., but had been lost to Europeans for many centuries.

[BLANK-1] of England was a notable warrior king who led successful campaigns during the Hundred Years’ War, strengthening England’s position during the lengthy conflict. His notable victories include the Siege of Harfleur and the Battle of Agincourt. He conquered most of northern France, including Paris, and laid claim to both the French and English thrones.

When working on the research PowerPoint presentation required for this course a Safe Assign report of 20% or lower is acceptable and will result in no point deduction.

[BLANK-1] occurred between 1315 and 1317 and was the result of poor harvests due to climate change and the Little Ice Age. It was a Malthusian Crisis that not only led to massive death in Europe, but also greatly weakened the immune system of survivors who would be devastated by the Great Death around thirty years later.

[BLANK-1] came about around 1200 in Europe as an effort to limit violence and instill social order among knights. This code emphasized values such as bravery, honor, generosity, graciousness, mercy, and gallantry toward women.

Part 2 Short Answer ID Terms (30%): A short answer ID should briefly address the basic journalistic questions: who or what, when, where, and why. Be sure to discuss the historical significance – this is the most important part of your ID term. Each answer should be a paragraph of at least 4-5 sentences. Do not leave any portion of the five options you choose blank – it is best to write something, even if you must guess somewhat. Partial credit is better than nothing.Answer FIVE (5) of the following terms:The Age of CoffeeThe Black DeathThe Columbian ExchangeThe Fall of ConstantinopleJoan of ArcJohn CalvinLorenzo de’ MediciMadonna and ChildMartin LutherSt. Francis of Assisi

Founded in the Late Horizon period of Andean Empires, The Tawantinsuyu Empire developed in [BLANK-1]. The eponymous city in this region became the hub of a growing kingdom under the hereditary hierarchy of the Incas.