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A 72-year-old man develops a broad-based, unsteady gait, and has difficulty with rapid alternating hand movements. He does not show tremor at rest or significant rigidity.  He has difficulty sitting and standing. Neuroimaging reveals a lesion in the midline of the cerebellum. Which of the following anatomical structures is most likely affected? (Hint: A rapidly alternating hand movement assessment (RAM) tests for dysdiadochokinesia. What area is responsible for truncal ataxia or difficulty sitting and standing)

A teenage boy presents with weakness and stiffness in his left arm and leg. Reflexes are also exaggerated on that side. Brain imaging is normal, but spinal cord imaging reveals a lesion. Which side of the spinal cord is most likely affected? (Hint: Where is the confirmed lesion? where do the cortex signal from the left cross? Where do the signals from the right cross?)

A 55-year-old man with a long-standing ankle injury comes to your O&P clinic for an AFO fitting. As you gently apply pressure to align the brace (light touch), he flinches and says it feels like burning. There is no redness, swelling, or skin breakdown. He reports that even touching bedsheets at night causes pain in the same area (allodynia). Which of the following best explains his response to gentle orthotic contact?

Which of the following cerebellar regions is primarily responsible for coordinating distal voluntary limb movements, especially during fine motor tasks such as writing or playing an instrument? (Hint: what part is responsible for planning and timing of movements?)

(50%) Eisha Jain was late for her law school class and she was speeding towards Case Western Law School (i.e. she was over the speed limit) on Ford Drive even though it was raining heavily and was dark.  At the corner of Ford Drive and Juniper Street, she turned left in order to get onto East Boulevard.  While turning she hit a bicyclist, Pamela Jackson, who was coming towards her (south) on Ford Drive without reflectors or lights. Cleveland paramedics arrived within 3 minutes and saw that Ms. Jackson was bleeding profusely from her head.  After the paramedics made sure that there were no broken bones, they lifted Ms. Jackson into the ambulance.  As soon as she was in the ambulance, one of the paramedics, Maria Savasta, immediately began a blood transfusion with O negative blood (universal donor blood). The ambulance drove on Juniper to get to University Hospital Emergency Room.  Along the way, a baseball flew out of “Nobby Field,” the Case Western baseball facility (the Case team was practicing) [Apparently of ordinary speed around 85 mph] and crashed through the windshield of the ambulance.  The ambulance skidded and overturned.  The paramedics were injured and Ms. Jackson was killed.  After her death it was discovered that Ms. Jackson was wearing a bracelet that stated not to give blood transfusions because she was Jehovah’s Witness. [Nobby Field is a typical university baseball facility.  It has seats and fences surrounding the field on all sides. Nobby Field’s fencing in the direction the baseball flew out of the park was 15 feet high.  Most modern university baseball facilities have fences (or netting) that go up at least 25 feet.] When the ambulance was purchased from the Ford Motor Company, the City of Cleveland had requested and paid for windshield glass stronger than ordinary windshields designed to withstand detritus that might be flung in hurricane force winds. You have been asked to represent the estate of Ms. Jackson.   Given the facts as recited, who might Ms. Jackson’s estate have a tort cause of action against and for what?  Please then analyze the likelihood of success on the merits for those various claims (this includes affirmative defenses).   You should prioritize the claims based on likelihood of success in establishing any recovery (not in order of whom might have the deepest pockets). Assume that Ohio is a pure comparative negligence state.  Any cases in our book or restatements of current common law can be considered binding on Ohio courts.  You may also specify only one rule if there is more than one controlling legal standard (make sure you identify which rule that you are assuming).

Which of the following are not considered compensatory damages?

Which one of the following statements is true about a “express assumption of the risk”:

In the scenario above determine what is the RECEPTOR. A.  Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by causing bones to take up calcium. B.  Calcium in the blood is increased by drinking milk. C.  The increased calcium is detected by the receptors in the thyroid gland. D.  The thyroid gland responds to changes in blood calcium levels and causes the secretion of calcitonin.

In SVM model, we want to find a (set of) hyperplane(s) that

In June 1994, Nicole Brown Simpson, wife of O.J. Simpson, and Ronald Goldman were found murdered outside her Brentwood, California, home. Police arrested O.J. Simpson on charges of murder. In 1995, the case went to trial and the jury eventually found Simpson not guilty despite a strong case by the prosecution. In 1997, the parents of Nicole Brown Simpson brought a wrongful death suit against O.J. Simpson. The jury in the civil trial found Simpson responsible for the murders and awarded to the victims’ families $33.5 million in compensatory and punitive damages. How is it that Simpson could face two trials for the same alleged crime?