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Space available is the sum of the teeth mesio-distal masses. Space required is the arch circumference or the arch perimeter distance.

The possible etiology of the black triangle is:

Which statement describes the definition of the smile arc?

When evaluation the lower third proportion, what should we see in a normo-divergent patient?

Which statement is correct about ideal throat form and submental contour?

According to Proffit, what we should check on transverse dimension?

What is the most frequent etiologic factor for unilateral posterior lingual cross bite?

According to Proffit, the gingival margin on the maxillary lateral incisor should be 1.5mm lower than the central incisors and canines. That follows the concept of LOW-HIGH-LOW.

Fin the reduced row echelon matrix that is row equivalent to the following matrix: 

Let  be a