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Dutch slavery was less comprehensively exploitative than the systems in other North American empires and slavery was never a large enterprise in Dutch lands (though it existed there). Some Dutch slaves that had proven themselves valuable to the colony, most often in defense against Native American attacks, were given [BLANK-1]. They were allowed to work their own land in return for paying a tax to their enslavers; however, the offspring of these slaves were considered bound laborers.

[BLANK-1] occurred in South Carolina in 1739. It marked the largest armed slave uprising in American history; dozens of whites were killed by slaves and as many as fifty slaves were killed during the conflict. The Spanish Empire may have helped instigate the incident by encouraging slaves to escape to Florida.

Key Terms:​The Afflicted Girls​The Battle of Breed and Bunker Hill​The Battle of Saratoga​The Battle of Trenton​The Battles of Lexington and Concord​The Boston Massacre​The Boston Tea Party​British Military Strategy​Charter Colonies​Constitutionalism​The Daughters of Liberty​English Religious Cultures in America​The Franklin Flag​French Religious Cultures in America​The Gadsden Flag​George Washington’s Military Strategy​John Peter Zenger​Jonathan Edwards​Loyalists​Mercy Otis Warren​The Newburgh Conspiracy​Patriots​Proprietary Colonies​Provincial Colonies​The Royal Proclamation of 1763​Sensationalism​The Sons of Liberty​Spanish Religious Cultures in America​Tavern Culture​William Cooper

[BLANK-1] was a printed pattern used to promote the idea of intercolonial unity at the Albany Conference, in 1754. The image featured a rattlesnake that had been chopped into several pieces (representing the British American colonies) and it offered the simple message: “Join, or Die.” The message was intended to encourage British American colonists to form a loose confederation (patterned after the Iroquois Confederacy) for defense against the French and to foster greater intercolonial trade. The message failed to convince American Colonial legislatures, however, as every colony refused to adopt the Albany Plan of forming a loose American confederation. This demonstrates that the American colonies were not interested in forming a “United States” as late as 1754.

New York, New Hampshire, and North Carolina are examples of [BLANK-1]. There, the British monarchy exercised the tightest control out of all of their mainland North American colonies. The British monarch appointed all governors to these colonies. The crown-appointed governors had tremendous power and could veto any decision made by colonial legislatures.

When some African slaves escaped from their masters, they would often flee to inaccessible swamps and woods where other escaped slaves lived, known as [BLANK-1]. Most slaves failed to adapt to the harsh conditions of these areas, however, and either perished or, more often, returned voluntarily to the master they escaped from.

During the American Revolution, occupying key cities and strongholds of opposition were important elements of [BLANK-1].

[BLANK-1] was a pseudo-scientific process by which slave masters commodified African slaves. They would seek certain traits from a slave, such as dark skin among males and large hips from female slaves. The process had the effect of dehumanizing the slaves, reducing them to chattel or property.

Dutch colonialism in North America was driven in large part by the Dutch East India Corporation. The company implemented a method to encourage colonization called [BLANK-1]. This method granted large estates to wealthy landlords who would pay the passage for tenant farmers to work their land. The idea was a failure for the Dutch. The colonizing promoters were unable to attract many permanent settlers because the standard of living in the Netherlands was extremely high (thus negating any real reason to endure a cross-Atlantic voyage in order to seek a better life in the New World). It also led to deteriorating relations with Native Americans as the Dutch demand for land increased.

A conflict from 1675-1676 known as [BLANK-1] pitted New England colonists against a large band of Native Americans under the command of a sachem called Metacom. Although Native Americans held the upper hand early in this very violent conflict, American colonists would prevail and this would bring a decisive end to Native American power in New England. The conflict was typical of the frontier of exclusion practiced by English settlers in North America.