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John, a bank teller, is accused of embezzling from the bank where he works by making dummy withdrawals from customer accounts and pocketing the cash. At his trial in Alaska state court, the prosecutor calls the records custodian of the bank and shows them copies of several pages from a ledger on which the dummy payments have been highlighted. The bank’s records custodian identifies the copies as true and correct copies of the bank’s ledger and testifies that the ledger is one that is routinely kept by the bank, is updated at the end of each business day, and is kept in a locked vault with access limited to the bank manager and the records custodian.The prosecutor then attempts to introduce the ledger into evidence. On which of these grounds could John’s attorney make a valid objection to admission of the ledger?

Identify five processes/methods by which parties can obtain discovery in a civil case.

Alex is accused of stabbing her ex-partner Jordan. At an evidentiary hearing while under oath, Alex’s current partner Sam testifies that Alex came home very late on the night of the murder and had blood on her clothes. At trial, Sam testifies that on the night of the murder Alex came home at the usual time and that her clothes were clean. The prosecutor seeks to have Sam’s prior statement admitted into evidence. Is the statement admissible?

In a case for sexual abuse of a minor (statutory rape), the accused offered a certified birth certificate of the victim, showing her age to be 18 years old. To authenticate this document, the accused must:

Tom, who is now deceased, told his roommate: “I crashed Julie’s car into the neighbor’s fence last night.” Julie is now being sued. Julie seeks to admit Tom’s statement. The opposing party objects as hearsay. Is the statement admissible?

________ refers to evidence intended to create doubts about the credibility of the witness.

The witness in a home-invasion robbery case testified at a pretrial hearing under oath and subject to penalty of perjury and cross-examination that he saw the defendant in a bright blue satin jumpsuit near the location of the robbery. At trial, the witness testifies that he saw a person, who “kinda looked similar” to the defendant, wearing a bright blue satin jumpsuit leaving the area just before he discovered the robbery. The prosecution seeks to examine the witness about this perceived inconsistency. The defense attorney objects. Should the court allow this testimony?

In Crawford v. Washington, the Supreme Court held that under the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause a hearsay statement cannot be admitted against a criminal defendant, even under an established exception, if it is:

A statement describing or explaining an event or condition made while or immediately after the declarant perceived it is called:

While driving behind a red pickup, Nadia calls her sister and says, “This truck in front of me is swerving all over the road.” Two minutes later, the truck crashes. At trial, the prosecution seeks to introduce Nadia’s statement. Is this statement admissible?