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A 42-year-old Jewish woman with lupus presents with erythematous malar rash. Which process explains her dermatologic finding?

A 60-year-old woman from Mexico presents with thickened scaling plaques on her elbows and nail pitting. Which process explains her illness?

A 36-year-old woman presents with rash after hiking. Exam: linear vesicles along forearm. Which process explains her rash?

A 45-year-old woman presents with hypertension, easy bruising, and weight gain. She notes mood swings but denies psychiatric history. Exam reveals truncal obesity and purple striae. 24-hour urinary cortisol is elevated. Which process explains her disease?

A 61-year-old man presents to clinic with irregularly irregular pulse and fatigue. Which process explains his arrhythmia?

A 32-year-old woman presents with vesicular rash along thoracic dermatome. Which process explains her illness?

A 47-year-old Hispanic woman presents with scaly plaques on her elbows and nail pitting. Which process explains her disease?

A 61-year-old man from China presents with confusion and weakness. Labs: Hb 8.8 (normal 13.5–17.5), MCV 118 (normal 80–96), B12 92 (normal: 200–900). Which process explains his anemia?

You are getting onto the highway in your car and must accelerate to reach the speed limit quickly. As a result, your head tilts back slightly. Which structure(s) would you expect to pick up this change in acceleration to inform your brain and thus, body on how to best maintain equilibrium? Select all that apply.

A 22-year-old athlete presents with persistent thigh pain weeks after a contusion. Imaging shows bone forming inside the muscle. The NP reflects: This isn’t simple scarring—the injury triggered mesenchymal cells to turn into bone-producing cells within muscle. What pathophysiologic process explains this?