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The nurse is explaining the kidney’s role in acid–base balance to a client. What function does the nurse state the kidney performs to assist in maintaining acid–base balance within the necessary normal range?

The nurse is caring for a client whose renal disease is known to be affecting the countercurrent mechanism in the client’s medullary nephrons. What assessment finding would best corroborate this?

Harry decides that Marla is lying because she seems so nervous. In reality, Marla is telling the truth and is nervous because she has a big presentation in her next class. That Harry thinks she is lying is an example of the:

Which of the following dietary recommendations is most appropriate for a patient with calcium oxalate kidney stones?

A patient presents with suspected post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Which of the following should the nurse anticipate in the patient’s history?

Which pathophysiologic mechanism explains the hypertension observed in chronic renal failure?

A patient with polycystic kidney disease reports dull flank pain and a recent increase in abdominal girth. What is the nurse’s priority assessment?

A client with suspected renal cell carcinoma is being evaluated. Which clinical manifestation is commonly associated with this condition?

The nurse is caring for a patient with interstitial cystitis. Which intervention is most appropriate?

A patient receiving loop diuretics for nephrotic syndrome complains of muscle weakness and palpitations. Which laboratory result would the nurse most likely anticipate?