Blog

A lesion in the inferior cerebellar peduncle may result in ipsilateral limb ataxia.

A 58-year-old woman presents with left-sided facial paralysis, hearing loss, and ataxia. On exam, she has decreased pain and temperature sensation on the right side of the body and left side of the face. Where is the lesion most likely located?

A 45-year-old woman presents after being struck in the forehead with a heavy object. She has periorbital bruising (“raccoon eyes”) and clear fluid dripping from her nose that tests positive for glucose. Which calvarial fracture is most consistent with her presentation?

Identify the action/function of each cranial nerve and integrate injury to nerve with clinical presentation.

Damage to the facial nerve (CN VII) may result in hyperacusis due to paralysis of the stapedius muscle.

A patient with a basilar artery thrombosis presents with locked-in syndrome, characterized by quadriplegia and preserved consciousness with only vertical eye movements. Which circulation is involved, and what structure is primarily affected?

A patient is diagnosed with jugular foramen syndrome, presenting with hoarseness and dysphagia. The lesion affects cranial nerves IX, X, and XI. Which cranial fossa and bones are associated with the jugular foramen?

A patient presents with diplopia and ptosis. Neurologic testing suggests oculomotor nerve palsy. The lesion is localized to the superior orbital fissure. Which cranial fossa contains this foramen, and which nerves pass through it?

A 35-year-old patient arrives in the emergency department after a motorcycle accident. A CT scan reveals a fracture at the junction where the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones meet. The trauma team recognizes this as a site of potential epidural hematoma due to the underlying middle meningeal artery. Which craniometric landmark is most likely affected?

A 32-year-old male presents for evaluation of infertility. His semen analysis reveals a normal sperm count but poor motility and abnormal head morphology. Further testing shows impaired acrosome formation. A defect in which phase of spermatid maturation is most likely responsible?