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[U4Q] Julie is a BCBA working with her client Jamel on reducing his physical aggression. She implements a differential reinforcement for other behavior (DRO) procedure and measures its effectiveness at reducing Jamel’s total count per week of physical aggression. Julie uses preferred edible items such as peanuts and hard candy for every 30 minutes in which Jamel does not engage in physical aggression. When running the DRO procedure during one of the weeks, Jamel came into the clinic with a severe toothache. Another week, Jamel’s grandmother, who always sneaks him pieces of candy when no one is looking as a special treat, comes to visit from out of town and stays with his family at their house for a few days. Which of the following is the independent variable in this scenario?

[U4Q] Ellie’s client tends to hit others when he is asked to perform self-care. Ellie wants to use functional communication training (FCT) to teach her client to ask for a break instead. She plans to evaluate the effects of FCT by using a multiple baseline design across settings. In sessions at the client’s home, Ellie starts using FCT to teach her client to ask for a break. After a few sessions, the client also starts to ask for breaks at school and sometimes, the teacher lets him have a break. Which of the following is most likely an example of diffusion of treatment in this scenario?

[U2Q] A physical therapist records how many times her client lifts a weight between 7:00 p.m. and 7:30 p.m. The physical therapist then divides the total number of lifts by 30 to find the number of times her client lifted a weight per minute. Which continuous recording method did the therapist use?

[U4Q] A BCBA is working with a client who engages in high rates of verbal aggression in the form of name-calling. The BCBA wants to compare a response cost procedure with a time-out procedure to determine which is more effective at decreasing his client’s name-calling behavior. This is an example of which type of analysis?

[U4Q] Wade implements a behavior contract with his daughter Gabby to increase the number of chores she completes. The contract states that every day Gabby completes her chores, she will earn the privilege of staying up 60 minutes later to watch her favorite TV shows. Last night Gabby’s brother let her borrow his cell phone before going to bed. Gabby stayed up for 2.5 hours last night on social media and now is very tired. Which of the following is most likely to be an extraneous variable in this scenario?

[U4Q] For which of the following baseline graphs would it be most appropriate to introduce the independent variable for a behavior targeted for decrease? 

[U4Q] Delaney, a BCBA, provides consulting services for a college football team. The team has just started their season, and the players are breaking in their new shoes and equipment. Delaney implements a coaching intervention to improve catches. During games, Delaney records the number of correct catches by following the calls from the referee. However, there were three instances during a game when the referee was looking in a different direction and missed three correct catches. Which part of this scenario is an example of instrumentation threatening internal validity?

[U2Q] A supervisor needs to conduct his bi-weekly supervision session and provide feedback to his BCaBA. The supervisor records the time between each of the BCaBA’s naturalistic learning trials. Which continuous recording method did the supervisor use?

[U2Q] Casey is consulting at a customer service center. His client asks him to decrease the time it takes employees to answer the office phone after it rings. Which of the following continuous recording methods would be best for Casey to use?

[U4Q] Shannon is structuring her classroom to increase student participation. She does this by providing the student who participates the most in her class with a homework pass that excuses them from one night’s worth of homework assignments. Shannon implements the plan during the same week the school celebrates its seventy-fifth anniversary. As part of the celebration, school administrators instruct the educators not to give their students homework for the week. During the same week, Shannon tests different ways to measure student participation. Which of the following is most likely to be an extraneous variable in this scenario?