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A group of students was interested in conducting an outreach program at their nearest long term facility with elderly patients. They were interested in caries risk, so they asked for 25 volunteers one evening during a health fair event and conducted open mouth exams using explorers, mirrors, and the lights from their loupes. They used a caries index and a dry mouth index to assess caries experience and xerostomia then conducted a 6-month program and a study. They had one half of the group using Biotene and Xylitol products daily and gave the other half of the group fluoride varnish applications every 3 months. At the midpoint and at the end they evaluated their patients in the program. Use this information to answers questions #1-5.  At the 3 month point, they discovered that many of the patients were having a difficult time chewing the Xylitol gummy bears, so the students decided to stop using the Xylitol as part of their study. What is this an example of?

A high school class of ten physically challenged students, 14-19 years of age, shows a need for improved oral hygiene. The high school nurse has asked the districts dental hygienist to assess their needs and to work with the nurse to implement a dental public health program for these students. The dental hygienist plans to set up a portable dental unit to orally screen the students and to implement an evaluative tool to understand the dental health knowledge of the group. Additionally, the hygienist plans to provide oral hygiene instruction each month during the remainder of the school year and the nurse will follow up with the instructions once a week.  The O’Learys plaque score at the initial assessment of the class was:  25%, 25%, 50%, 50%, 60%, 60%, 60%, 75%, 75%, and 100% The mean score for OHI-S score of the ten students was 4.8 Use this information to answer questions 22 – 27. Which of the following represents the mode for the O’Learys plaque score?

A researcher conducts a study involving 200 females between the ages of 50-55 and collects information over a 10 year time period to measure the progress of osteopenia.  What type of study is this an example of?

Concerned about the lack of water fluoridation, a local dental hygienist initiates a community education project to educate residents about the advantages of water fluoridation. The project includes several presentations beginning with a meeting of the local dental and dental hygiene societies to provide an overview of current information. The focus of this initial presentation will be mottled enamel as well as strategies to prevent this form of dental fluorosis. Subsequent presentations will address community leaders, non-profit philanthropic organizations, and community coalitions. Within a few weeks of the first presentations, a group of citizens begins writing letters to the local newspaper about the dangers of fluoridation with specific emphasis on toxicity from “over fluoridation.” Questions #63-65 During the presentation, the dental hygienist emphasizes the value of water fluoridation as the most significant contribution of dentistry to public health. All of the following reasons support this statement EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

The board of education approached a public health dental hygienist about establishing a dental health education curriculum for the students enrolled in a public school system. The board was concerned that the only dental health education students received was during Children’s Dental Health Month when volunteer dental hygienists provided education to grades K, 3, 7, and 12. The classroom teachers were interested in implementing dental health education in the students health classes but were looking for guidance with lesson plan content and activities. The school system consists of 3500 students, grades K-12. Health care facilities, including a nurse who is available twice a week, are available at each school. Use this information to answer questions 11-15 What is the best way for the teachers to present and discuss the importance of good oral hygiene habits and the prevention of dental disease to the students  

A dental hygienist employed by a children’s hospital dental clinic is responsible for coordinating programs to serve medically compromised children in the service area.  The population consists of a mix of diverse SES and ethnic groups.  The dental hygienist’s responsibilities include managing the clinic that provides dental and dental hygiene treatment for the children, training hospital staff in the daily oral care of hospitalized children,  serving as a resource to the hospital staff, conducting oral hygiene educational programs for clinic patients and their parents, and supervising the distribution of self-care fluoride products.  The effectiveness of the educational programs is evaluated by comparing pre-test and post-test scores of knowledge and oral health behavior of the clinic patients.   Answer questions #28-31 The primary role of the public health dental hygienist in this scenario is to provide direct patient treatment.  The dental hygienist’s role in this program is primarily coordination, training, and serving as a resource that fulfills the role of the public health hygienist. 

24) Which of these is hydrophobic?A) Cl-    B) K+    C) Water    D) Glucose    E) Fat

22) ________ differ from one another in their number of neutrons and atomic mass.          A) Electrolytes B) Cations C) Anions D) Isotopes

17) The study of how hormones function is called ________.A) endocrinologyB) pathophysiologyC) neuroanatomyD) histologyE) neurophysiology

11) Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest?A) Organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ systemB) Organ system, organ, cell, tissue, organelleC) Organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organelleD) Organ system, organelle, tissue, cell, organE) Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle