The figure shows a simplified phylogeny of closely related s…

The figure shows a simplified phylogeny of closely related species of primates. This tree was proposed by comparing DNA sequence changes in the gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit II. The vertical scale represents time and the branch points represent common ancestors. What species did ancestor B give rise to?

GGG and GGC are codons for the amino acid, glycine. A mutati…

GGG and GGC are codons for the amino acid, glycine. A mutation caused the insertion of a cytosine in place of the third guanine during DNA replication. Over many generations the DNA changes so that the frequency of GGC is similar to that of GGG. What effect does this mutation have on the population’s mean fitness?