Blog

Describe the function(s) of the following cell types in the retina: Bipolar cell, Ganglion cell, Horizontal cell, and Amacrine cell.

Number these steps in sound transduction in the correct order starting with sound waves (#1) in the air and ending with signals (#7) sent to the CNS: Movement of the hair cells causes bending of the stereocilia [a] Pressure waves reach the external auditory canal [b] Afferent action potentials are carried by relay neurons to the brainstem [c] Fluid motion causes displacement and motion of the basilar membrane [d] Vibration of the auditory ossicles [e] Fluid waves are created within the scala vestibuli [f] Vibration of the tympanic membrane [g]

Which of the following would be considered an effector of the autonomic nervous system?

Describe the functional differences (e.g., physiological, pharmacological) in the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Include any chemicals, receptors, and action on the effectors in the many organs systems. Be specific with your examples and descriptions.

The neural processing needed to decide if a smell is good or bad or your favorite or most despised odor would be predicted to take place where?

Based on the diagram above: Signaling within the ganglion labeled Q would activate which receptor : [a] When activated, the neurons at the organ in pathway T would cause: [b] The structure labeled U would best represent a: [c]

Based on the diagram above: When activated, the neurons at the organ in pathway Q would cause: [a] The neurons starting at Z for pathway R, originate at which spinal cord level: [b] When activated, the neurons at the organ in pathway R would release: [c]  

Describe how frequency of sounds AND intensity of sounds are detected in the cochlea and relayed to the CNS so that each aspect of sound can be processed by the brain.

–BONUS– Choose to answer any or all of the following bonus questions: Explain why genetic males are more likely to have color blindness compared to genetic females: Describe how the sensation of spicy relates to taste and the general senses Describe which one of the senses we have learned this semester is most similar to hair cell transduction, and why Did you learn any medical conditions related to vision/eye or the hearing/balance/ear, describe TWO with anatomical details: Recently two studies showed that asthma could be effectively treated using three drugs in one inhaler. List the three drug strategies used in this new triple therapy for asthma: Did I forget something you learned? Describe some bonus level knowledge you learned related to UNIT 5:

Explain to your patient the common causes of refractive (focusing) errors of the eye.