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Elevation of all of the following lab values is seen in renal failure except _____.

Which of the following is a risk factor for devleoping a urinary bladder calculi?

A 52 year old male patient presents for an abdominal ultrasound with a history of night sweats, weight loss, and fever of unknown origin. Based on the sonographic findings on this midline longitudinal ultrasound of the abdomen in the region of the SMA, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is NOT found in the renal cortex?

You obtain this color Doppler image on a patient referred for hematuria.  What is the most likely explanation for the findings on this sonogram?

Which of the following masses is the most commonly encountered solid neoplams in the kidney sonographically?

Which of the following pathologies is a rare, benign renal tumor that is usually solitary, common in men in their 60’s, and may appear as a central stellate scarring pattern on ultrasound?

Adult polycystic kidney disease may be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT  ____.

Which of the following structures is not found within the renal sinus? 

 This is a coronal longitudinal image of the left kidney.  What grade/degree of hydronephrosis is present on this image?