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The predominant economic system of Early-Modern Europe was [BLANK-1]. It aimed at increasing state power through governmental policies that allowed for greater state regulation of the economy. The system was based on the idea that a nation’s international power was directly based on its wealth, particularly its supply of gold and silver. This ideology presumed that wealth was finite and that the acquisition of wealth was a zero-sum game (the acquisition of wealth by one country meant the loss of wealth by another) and contributed to rising competition between states and even outright warfare in the pursuit of wealth.

First established by Oliver Cromwell in England in 1651, then extended later in the century, [BLANK-1] served as a form of economic warfare against the Netherlands. These policies damaged Dutch shipping and by the end of the century helped England surpass the Netherlands as Europe’s greatest naval force in terms of shipping, commerce, trade, and settlement. They required most goods imported to England and Scotland to be carried on British-owned ships with British crews or on ships of the country producing the imported items.

A vassal of Oda Nobunaga, [BLANK-1] avenged the death of his lord and by 1590 completed the unification of Japan. He was the first ruler in 200 years to bring all of Japan under his rule. He had been a peasant’s son who rose through the ranks through his military prowess; however, once he became the Japanese ruler, he instituted reforms such as the Great Sword Hunt that deprived commoners from owning weapons and rising through the ranks as he had. Further, he placed restrictions on the samurai and prohibited them from leaving their lord’s service.

In 1703, a Hungarian prince named [BLANK-1] led a serious rebellion against the Habsburg-dominated empire in Austria and the German-speaking provinces. While the rebellion was eventually quelled, the conflict allowed Hungary to receive a number of important concessions from the Habsburgs in exchange for the country’s acceptance of Habsburg rule.

True or False? A brute-force attack always works, but the downside is that it takes a long time.

Active fingerprinting has many advantages, but using this technique increases the chances of being detected. What is a benefit of active operating system (OS) fingerprinting?

Nick is attempting to find the owner of a domain name. Which of the following would best assist him with this task?

Which protocol is used in a ping sweep to determine whether a single system is connected and active on a network in an Internet Protocol (IP) range?

What is salting?

True or False? A rootkit is typically unable to hide itself from detection, which makes the device easy to locate.