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A 58-year-old man presents with flank pain and hematuria. CT reveals a renal mass with invasion into the renal vein. Which process explains his condition?

A 38-year-old woman reports pelvic pain and abnormal bleeding. Pelvic exam reveals an enlarged, irregular uterus. Which process explains her condition?

A 62-year-old man presents with chronic back pain and hematuria. CT reveals a renal mass invading the renal vein. Which process explains his malignancy?

A 9-year-old boy presents with bone pain and swelling near the knee. X-ray shows a destructive metaphyseal lesion with periosteal lifting (Codman triangle). Biopsy reveals malignant osteoid production. Which process explains his malignancy?

A 38-year-old patient presents with fluctuating diplopia and ptosis that worsen throughout the day and improve with rest. Edrophonium (or ice pack) test transiently improves symptoms; acetylcholine receptor antibodies are positive. Which process is responsible?

A 66-year-old woman reports flashes of light followed by sudden painless vision loss described as a curtain over her right eye. Fundus exam reveals a detached retina. Which process explains her disease?

A 16-year-old boy presents with hypertension and headaches. Urine catecholamines are markedly elevated. Which process explains his condition?

A 15-year-old girl presents with primary amenorrhea and abdominal pain. Pelvic exam reveals a bulging hymen with retained blood behind it. Which process explains her condition?

A 71-year-old man with hypertension presents with weight loss, early satiety, and anemia. Endoscopy reveals an ulcerated gastric mass. Biopsy shows malignant epithelial cells. Which process explains his disease?

A 32-year-old woman presents with severe dysmenorrhea and infertility. Laparoscopy reveals ectopic endometrial tissue on the ovaries. Which process explains her condition?