Bacteria such as E. coli that can synthesize the amino acids…

Bacteria such as E. coli that can synthesize the amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine do so by combining a 3-carbon precursor metabolite and a 4-carbon precursor metabolite to produce a 7-carbon compound that is further modified by a series of steps in a branching pathway leading to their production. The enzymes at the start of the overall pathway, as well as each branchpoint leading to each amino acid, can be bound by the amino acids by way of controlling their own production. This means that the pathway leading to the synthesis of these amino acids is controlled via ______.

Optional up to 2 points of extra credit: SARS-CoV-2, the vir…

Optional up to 2 points of extra credit: SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID, results in long COVID in a percentage of individuals. Estimates of this number vary for a number of reasons, but many studies have suggested 10-20% of those infected go on to develop long term symptoms characteristic of long COVID. One of these symptoms is fatigue (exhaustion). Although research is ongoing, the virus is thought to impact mitochondria in a number of ways. One such way is via the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and the promotion of glycolysis within the cell. 1. What would be the impact on ATP production of the cell of a shift away from oxidative phosphorylation and toward increased glycolysis? How would increased glycolysis impact the production of precursor metabolites (carbon intermediates), and how might this benefit the virus? 2. How might this lead to fatigue (exhaustion) in the individual? Please be specific and explain clearly.

You discover a jar of fruit jelly you’ve forgotten for month…

You discover a jar of fruit jelly you’ve forgotten for months in the back of your refrigerator. When you open it, you see some white fuzzy growth on the surface. You bring the jar to lab and prepare slides of the culture and determine that only molds, and not bacteria, are present. From this, what can you conclude about fungi and bacteria?