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The first phase of early embryonic development is cleavage, which produces a hollow ball of cells called the blastula. 

A human egg that has been fertilized by a sperm is now called a ________. 

Below is an image of a stained thin section of TSE (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy) patient’s brain. Note the abnormal “holes” in the brain tissue. What is the name of the pathogen causing this brain damage?  Will normal/conventional autoclaving inactivate this pathogen?

The organism shown below occurs as green streptococci.  The larger cell at the end of the arrow is called a heterocyte. What is the genus name of the organism, and what process occurs in the heterocyte?

Shown below are organisms from a fresh-water pond. Note:  the organisms have been stained. What is the genus name of the organism, and what is the technical name of the cytoplasmic “projections” it uses to move and to capture food?

You are making wine using grapes from your own vines. You make and stain a smear of the wine.  Microscopic examination reveals budding, circular-to-oval cells (see image, below). What it the most likely genus name for this microbe, and to which Kingdom does it belong?  

Your patient, who has been very “social”, comes to your practice to get the PCR test for COVID-19 because they believe they have “long” COVID.  While there, he confides in you that he feels a burning sensation when urinating, and that he has urethral discharge (“pus”). The results of microscopic examination of the urethral discharge are shown, below. What is the scientific name (Genus + specific epithet) of the agent that is most likely causing this patient’s distress? Note:  you do not have to underline the name, nor do you have to italicize it.  However, you do have to spell the name correctly.  I will allow one incorrect letter as long as the spelling is phonetically correct.  (1 point)

Below is an electron micrograph of a specimen taken from the lungs of a patient who died from respiratory failure.  The pathogen in the specimen is approximately 100 nm in diameter. What is the name of the pathogen, and to which Domain does it belong?