Instructions: Answer any four of the following five question…

Instructions: Answer any four of the following five questions. If you answer more than four, only the first four will count. (15 points each) Kant argues that only the good will is unconditionally good. First, explain the distinction between conditional and unconditional goods. Then describe how Kant argues for the claims that (1) the good will is unconditionally good and (2) happiness is only conditionally good.

Q2: What are some common characteristics of spam emails that…

Q2: What are some common characteristics of spam emails that email filters look for?a)Suspicious Subject Lines: Urgent offer, & You’ve won.b)Excessive Keywords: Free,Win, Limited timec)Malicious Attachments: Executable filesd)Grammar Errors: Poor spelling or awkward phrasing.e) All of tehe above

The following algorithm is described as a PCA. Is it true or…

The following algorithm is described as a PCA. Is it true or false?1.Standardize the Data: Standardize the dataset by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation for each feature, ensuring all features have the same scale.2.Compute the Covariance Matrix: The covariance matrix represents how much each of the features varies with every other feature. It helps identify correlations between features.3.Calculate the Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Eigenvalues measure the variance captured by each principal component. Eigenvectors define the direction of these components in the feature space.4.Sort Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Sort the eigenvalues in descending order. The higher the eigenvalue, the more important the corresponding eigenvector is.Select the top k eigenvectors that capture the most variance (the top k principal components).5.Project Data onto New Axes: The final step is to transform the original dataset into the new space defined by the selected eigenvectors. This reduces the dimensionality of the data.