Multiple Sclerosis is a clinical diagnosis. The initial pres…

Multiple Sclerosis is a clinical diagnosis. The initial presentation of MS can often go unrecognized or is attributed to other causes, especially if the symptoms are vague. Which of the following is NOT included in the common presenting symptoms category for the diagnosis of MS?

An elderly female patient, without a prior history of cardio…

An elderly female patient, without a prior history of cardiovascular disease, reports lower leg soreness and fatigue while shopping or walking in the neighborhood. The APRN notes decreased pedal pulses bilaterally. Which test will the APRN order initially to evaluate for peripheral arterial disease based on these symptoms?

A 60 year old man with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD),…

A 60 year old man with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD), secondary to hypertension, presents to your clinic for a routine follow-up appointment.  His BP is 136/74 mmHg.  His PE results were all within normal limits. His labs are significant for a potassium level of 5.3 mEq/L and phosphorus level of 5 mg/dl. What is the explanation for his hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia?