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A 47-year old immunocompromised male visited the emergency room for a two-week history of persistent violent cough, chest pain, night sweats, fever, bloody sputum, weight loss, and loss of appetite. A sputum sample revealed the presence of acid-fast rod-shaped bacteria; the bacteria were also weakly gram-positive.  A chest X-ray showed infiltrate in the middle left lung with tubercles present.  The patient was placed on directly observed therapy (DOTS) for 6 months.   A. Name the bacterium (genus and species) responsible for this patient’s condition. B. What disease and stage of illness does this patient have?  C. Explain each clue provided in the narrative. 

Which of the following enhances generalizability in quantitative studies?

Which of the following are indicative/ a sign of meningitis?

True or False: Human papilloma viruses cause oral herpes and cervical cancer.

Which of the following best explains why longitudinal studies are especially valuable in social work research?

True or False: Lyme disease is spread by fleas. 

True or False: Rhinovirus infection is vaccine preventable. 

True or False: Yersinia pestis is transmitted from person to person by direct contact with asymptomatic carriers.

True or False: Pseudomonas aerugonisa causes severe lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. 

An 82-year old nursing home patient is hospitalized with a 3-day history of severe, recurring diarrhea (8-10 episodes per day), abdominal cramping, fever, nausea, and signs of dehydration.  Her symptoms began a few days after completing a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics for an unrelated infection. A stool sample revealed the presence of an anaerobic spore-forming gram-positive bacillus capable of producing toxins (A and B).  The doctor orders a CT scan to determine if the patient has developed a life threatening condition that could lead to perforation (a hole) in the colon. The patient is placed on vancomycin and is treated for dehydration.  A. Name the bacterium (genus and species) responsible for this patient’s condition.  B. What disease does this patient have?  C. Explain each clue provided in the narrative.