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A third-grade teacher has students work on their oral reading fluency each day using a repeated-reading approach. Students work with a classmate to take turns reading an assigned grade-level text and timing each other’s oral reading fluency rate. Some students in the class are currently participating in Tier 2 interventions to address identified gaps in grade-level decoding skills. The teacher differentiates the repeated-reading activity for these students by selecting texts that are aligned with the decoding skills they have been studying. According to evidence-based best practices, which of the following additional modifications to the activity should the teacher make in order to improve the students’ oral reading performance with their assigned text? 

Early in the school year, a fifth-grade teacher analyzes the results of a developmental spelling survey to identify students’ strengths and needs as spellers. Using this information, the teacher plans whole-group instruction for spelling elements and patterns the majority of students need to learn (e.g., fifth-grade-level prefixes and suffixes). However, some students have not yet mastered earlier spelling elements or patterns, while other students are ready to learn elements that are beyond the scope of the fifthgrade spelling curriculum. Which of the following approaches to spelling instruction would best address the differences in skills?

Use the information below to answer the three questions that follow. A third-grade teacher notes that students’ vocabulary scores on a school-wide standardized achievement test are below the national average and below their performance on the comprehension and decoding subtests.  The type of reading assessment described in the scenario that compares students’ reading performance to the performance of students in a national sample group can best be categorized as: 

Type out the word that literally means straight breathing and refers to when breathing is uncomfortable while lying down but more comfortable when the person sits or stands in an upright position.

Type out the term which literally means inflammation of the bronchi.

The teacher has arranged for various adult volunteers to participate during the morning “fluency warm-up.” According to evidence-based instruction, the teacher could best use the volunteers to support students’ development of prosody by: 

Type out what the abbreviation COPD stands for.

A second-grade teacher is working with a small group of students to improve their oral reading fluency. As part of lesson planning, the teacher analyzes the students’ oral reading errors and plans instruction to address phonics knowledge and skills not yet mastered. The teacher’s actions are likely to benefit the students’ reading fluency most directly by: 

Several children in a kindergarten class have mastered orally blending sets of spoken sounds together to make words. Which of the following additional skills demonstrated by the children would best indicate that they are ready to begin instruction in decoding simple words? 

A child is holding the end of a 36-meter string attached to a kite. The height of the kite is 20 meters. Assuming the string, the height, and the ground form a right triangle, what is the angle of elevation?Round your answer to the nearest whole degree.